Oral Language and Code-Related Precursors to Reading Essay

Oral Language and Code-Related Precursors to Reading - Essay Example Juan describes his interests as playing basketball, swimming, and fishing, which he normally undertake with his family, particularly his father and brother. He claims to have a big difficulty in school though, specifically in reading and writing English words. He says that way back in Mexico, he used to appreciate Science, but right now where every subject matter including Science needs to be learned and understood in the English language, he begins to dislike the subject matter. He has average scores in Math concepts exhibited by his scores in quizzes and long examinations. He is however poor in word attack and English vocabulary, which affects his performance in other subjects including Science, which used to be his favorite. Â  I was able to talk to Juan’s aunt once, upon visiting Juan and gathering information from his family about things related to his reading progress. This is where I found that both of Juan’s parents live in Mexico and had little schooling. The aunt related that both boys frequently scan their notes upon arriving home and practice reading orally. However, there are some questions that she could not answer, such as the correct pronunciation of a word or the meaning of a particular word, or if the sentence the boys have just uttered is grammatically correct, since she herself has a limitation in the English language as she just migrated to the United States five months ago. Juan is thus left with only the school to rely on when learning to read. Â  Juan appears to be persevering during reading sessions and tries hard to understand each word. Often, when he could not pronounce a word, he approaches me and asks how it is pronounced. He repeatedly utters the new-learned word until he thinks it sinks in.

Leading Equality and Diversity Essay Example for Free

Leading Equality and Diversity Essay Be able to understand the commitment to equality of opportunity and diversity 1. 1 – Evaluate the organisation’s commitment to equality of opportunity and diversity Equality and diversity means that every service user has their individual needs comprehensively addressed. He or she will be treated equally and without discrimination. This is regardless of the individual’s ethnic background, language, culture, faith, gender, age, sexual orientation or any other aspect that could result in their being discriminated against purely because they have such characteristics. Ashley Care LLP is firmly committed to diversity in all areas of our work. We believe that we have much to learn and profit from diverse cultures, experiences and perspectives, and that diversity will make our organisation more effective in meeting the needs of all our stakeholders. We believe that equality and diversity within our organisation contributes to our objectives and we are especially conscious of the fact that effective partnership relationships require a shared commitment to equality of opportunity and valuing and managing diversity. Our Equality and Diversity Policy helps to ensure that there is no unjustified discrimination in the recruitment, retention, training and development of staff on the basis of gender including transgender, marital status, sexual identity, religion and belief, political opinion, race, work pattern, age, disability or HIV/AIDS status, socio-economic background, spent convictions, on the basis of having or not having dependants, or any other irrelevant grounds. Our Policy is an integral way on which we handle our recruitment procedures to ensure a fair and approachable image of our organisation. Ashley Care LLP have an Equality, Diversity and Inclusivity Policy and its purpose is to ensure that its service is fully committed to these principles and values and to communicate this commitment to all stakeholders. The policy should always be referred to wherever differences of view based on lack of understanding or prejudice about diversity, equality and inclusion are evident. Equality, diversity and inclusion means that every service user has their individual needs comprehensively addressed he or she will be treated equally and without discrimination. This is regardless of the individual’s ethnic background, language, culture, faith, gender, age, sexual orientation or any other aspect that could result in their being discriminated against purely because they have such characteristics. 1. 2Discuss how behaviour, actions and words of all members of the organisation support the commitment to equality of opportunity and diversity At Ashley Care LLP we are committed to working together to build a community founded on equality of opportunity a social care community which celebrates the rich diversity of our service users and staff populations. Discriminatory behaviour has no place in our community and will not be tolerated. Within a spirit of respecting difference, our equality and diversity policies promise equal treatment and opportunity for all regardless of gender, sexuality, race, colour, disability, religion, age, and ethnicity or nationality. We call on all members of our company to make a personal commitment to these aims. Our Partners of the Company will ensure that its own actions promote equality and diversity. Through their words and behaviours, Partners will aim to provide genuine equality of opportunity regardless of gender, sexuality, race, colour, disability, religion, age, and ethnic or national origin. In considering its own composition and filling vacancies, the Partners will seek to ensure that its membership embraces the widest possible variety of backgrounds and views, consistent with the need to maintain a Partnership with the skills and experience necessary to carry out its responsibilities. Ashley Care LLP expresses its commitment to equality and diversity by: a. especting service users’ ethnic, cultural and religious practices and making practical provision for them to be observed b. reassuring its service uses that their diverse backgrounds enhance the quality of experience of the service c. accepting service users as individuals, not as cases or stereotypes d. involving service users to express their individuality and to follow their preferred lifestyle, also helping them to celebrate events, anniversaries or festivals which are important to them as individuals e. howing positive leadership and having management and human resources practices that actively demonstrate a commitment to equality and diversity principles f. developing an ethos throughout Ashley Care LLP that reflects these values and principles g. expecting all staff to work to equality and diversity principles and policies and to behave at all times in non-discriminatory ways h. providing, training, supervision and support to enable staff to do this i. aving a code of conduct that makes any form of discriminatory behaviour unacceptable; this is applicable to both staff and service users and is rigorously observed and monitored accordingly. Partners will devote time to the development of their own knowledge, understanding and practices to promote and achieve equality and respect for diversity and will see such development as one test of their effectiveness. The achievement of genuine equality of opportunity is at the heart of our mission as a provider of higher education. We aim to build a learning community which exhibits the diverse range of skills and experience which cannot be found within any single group of students or staff. In pursuing this aim, we want our community to value and to be at ease with its own diversity and to reflect the needs of the wider community within which we operate. Although we accept all of our responsibilities under current legislation, we aim to reach beyond the strict confines of the law to provide equality of opportunity for all. We will continue to formulate and implement policies to that end. Every member of our company has a moral and legal responsibility to promote equal treatment within that community and to respect its diversity. Overall responsibility for working with our community in support of these aims lies with the Senior Partner, closely supported by the other Partners. The HR amp; Workforce Development Manager is responsible for matters relating to equality of opportunity in employment, for developing policies which meet legislation and best practice, for monitoring the impact of these policies on different minority groups, and for providing relevant employment statistics. All staff and service users are responsible for ensuring that their actions are carried out in accordance with this policy. They may be held personally to account should their actions fall sort of the requirements of this policy in any way. We are committed to being an equal opportunities employer. We wish to see people from all groups in our society represented at all levels of employment, to ensure that no available talent is overlooked and to provide role models for our staff members. 1. 3Identify organisational and personal responsibilities and liabilities under equality legislation and codes of practice The Equality Act became law in October 2010. It replaces previous legislation (such as the Race Relations Act 1976 and the Disability Discrimination Act 1995) and ensures consistency in what we needed to do to make our workplace a fair environment and to comply with the law. â€Å"This was, primarily , the Equal Pay Act 1970, the Sex Discrimination Act 1975, the Race Relations Act 1976, the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 and three major statutory instruments protecting discrimination in employment on grounds of religion or belief, sexual orientation and age. † en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Equality_Act_2010 The public sector Equality Duty (section 149 of the Act) came into force on 5 April 2011. The Equality Duty applies to public bodies and others carrying out public functions. It supports good decision-making by ensuring public bodies consider how different people will be affected by their activities, helping them to deliver policies and services which are efficient and effecti ve; accessible to all; and which meet different peoples needs. The Equality Duty is supported by specific duties, set out in regulations which came into force on 10 September 2011. The specific duties require public bodies to publish relevant, proportionate information demonstrating their compliance with the Equality Duty; and to set themselves specific, measurable equality objectives. The Equality Act covers the same groups that were protected by existing equality legislation age, disability, gender reassignment, race, religion or belief, sex, sexual orientation, marriage and civil partnership and pregnancy and maternity it extends some protections to some of the groups not previously covered, and also strengthens particular aspects of equality law. The Equality Act is a mixture of rights and responsibilities that have: * Stayed the same for example, direct discrimination still occurs when someone is treated less favourably than another person because of a protected characteristic * Changed for example, employees will now be able to complain of harassment even if it is not directed at them, if they can demonstrate that it creates an offensive environment for them * Been extended for example, associative discrimination (direct discrimination against someone because they associate with another person who possesses a protected characteristic) will cover age, disability, gender reassignment and sex as well as race, religion and belief and sexual orientation Been introduced for the first time for example, the concept of discrimination arising from disability, which occurs if a disabled person is treated unfavourably because of something arising in consequence of their disability. As a result, I needed to review and change most of our policies and practices. 2. Be able to understand the application of equality of opportunity and diversity 2. 1 – Describe the organisation’s equality and diversity policies and how these are communicated within the workplace To ensure equality and diversity is no longer viewed as something only affecting minority groups, any issues need to be viewed not as issues, but as something to be explored and celebrated. Staff could be personally affected by stereotyping, prejudice and/or discrimination when attending work, which could lead to non attendance or non achievement. As a manager I need to ensure all my staff value one another and that the basic rights they are entitled to, for example to learn in a comfortable and safe environment are met. The Pre-Employment Induction to Ashley Care LLP include details of all policies and procedures, including equality and diversity, which are brought to the attention of the staff members during their initial interview and during the induction session. Having a policy is not enough, Ashley Care LLP also have a working group to ensure that the policies are promoted, monitored and regularly reviewed. Policies are also communicated to all staff through the following mechanisms: * Staff handbook * Contract of Employment * Application Form * Team meetings * Staff meetings Ashley Care LLP fully supports all principles of equality and diversity, and opposes any unfair or unlawful discrimination on the grounds of ability, age, colour, culture, disability, domestic circumstances, employment status, ethnic origin, gender, learning difficulties, marital status / civil partnership, nationality, political conviction, race, religion or belief, sexual orientation and/or social background. Ashley Care LLP aims to ensure that equality and diversity is promoted among all staff and service users and that unfair or unlawful discrimination, whether direct or indirect, is eliminated to promote a climate of equality and respect. All staff can expect to work in an environment free from harassment and bullying. † Taken from Ashley Care LLP’s policy on Equality and Diversity 2. 2 – Assess the application of the organisation’s commitment to equality of opportunity and dive rsity The evidence that Ashley Care LLP have collected over the years clearly demonstrate our commitment to equality and diversity. The application form states that â€Å"Ashley Care LLP is an equal opportunities employer and we welcome applications from all sections of the community. We are committed to a policy of equal opportunities for all work seekers and shall adhere to our policy at all times. We review all aspects of recruitment to avoid unlawful or undesirable discrimination. † Our policy states that â€Å"Equality and diversity means that every service user has their individual needs comprehensively addressed. He or she will be treated equally and without discrimination. This is regardless of the individual’s ethnic background, language, culture, faith, gender, age, sexual orientation or any other aspect that could result in their being discriminated against purely because they have such characteristics. † Within our policy we also state that â€Å"Ashley Care LLP expresses its commitment to equality and diversity by: a. respecting service users’ ethnic, cultural and religious practices and making practical provision for them to be observed b. reassuring its service uses that their diverse backgrounds enhance the quality of experience of the service c. accepting service users as individuals, not as cases or stereotypes d. nvolving service users to express their individuality and to follow their preferred lifestyle, also helping them to celebrate events, anniversaries or festivals which are important to them as individuals e. showing positive leadership and having management and human resources practices that actively demonstrate a commitment to equality and diversity principles f. developing an ethos throughout Ashley Care LLP that reflects these values and principles g. expecting all staff to work to equality and diversity principles and policies and to behave at all times in non-discriminatory ways h. providing, training, supervision and support to enable staff to do this i. aving a code of conduct that makes any form of discriminatory behaviour unacceptable; this is applicable to both staff and service users and is rigorously observed and monitored accordingly. † 2. 3 – Review the diversity of the workforce against the local and/or national population and identify areas for review. Diversity is about valuing and respecting the differences in the workforce, regardless of ability and/or circumstances or any other individual characteristics they may have. If you have more than one member in your workforce you will experience diversity. I am also different from my workforce in many ways, and they are different from one another, therefore they are entitled to be treated with respect, wi th their differences taken into consideration. Combined together, equality and diversity drive an organisation to comply with anti-discrimination legislation as well as emphasising the positive benefits of diversity such as drawing on a wider pool of talent, positively motivating all employees and meeting the needs of a wider customer base. Differences should be acknowledged, celebrated and embraced, to ensure all employees feel included in the process to be followed, and that the working environment is suitable for all. Examples of these differences are: * ability| * disability – physical or mental| * age| * domestic circumstances| * belief| * educational background| * colour| * employment status| * class| * ethnic origin| clothing worn| * experience| * confidence| * gender| * culture| * intelligence| * language, accent, dialect| * race| * learning difficulties| * religion| * marital status / civil partnership| * sexual orientation| * nationality| * social class or identity| * occupation| * talent| * parental status| * tr adition| * physical characteristics| * transgender| * political conviction| * wealth| Promoting diversity in the workforce is about attracting and retaining the best people, regardless of what group they belong to. â€Å"There is considerable evidence to show that inclusive organisations benefit from diversity through: enhanced competitiveness, attracting and retaining more competent employees, who understand the needs of their workforce and respect differences; * improved performance and outcomes, creating a working environment in which everyone is encouraged to perform to their maximum potential; * improved customer services, being able to reflect and meet the diverse needs of the workforce and; * improved staff relations, which reduced the risk of costly tribunals by complying with anti-discriminatory legislation. † www. lluk. org. uk/3167. htm As a manager working within the Health ;amp; Social Care Sector, I agree with the above statement, particularly creating a working environment in which everyone is encouraged to perform to their maximum potential. An inclusive organisation will ensure that their workforce are not excluded for any reason, either directly or indirectly, from part aking in a chosen programme. All the workforce will bring with them valuable skills, knowledge and experiences, I try to incorporate these within any training sessions and treat everyone as an individual. I am always positive and proactive where equality and diversity are concerned, even if my opinions differ from those of my workforce. I have to challenge my own values and beliefs. However, as a professional, I am first and foremost a manager, and my personal opinions must not interfere with the employment process. I must also be careful not to indulge the minority to the detriment of the majority. 3. Be able to understand the needs of others in relation to equality of opportunity and diversity 3. 1 – Explain the requirement to understand individual’s needs, feeling and motivations and to take an interest in their concerns The fundamental reason for promoting equality is to meet the needs of the workforce. Individuals are at the heart of the company and meeting their needs requires an active approach to equality of opportunity at all stages of their employment. It is about the removal of social and economic barriers to participation. Good equal opportunities ensure that all employees: * are respected and not discriminated against; * become aware of equality and inclusion; * benefit from high quality opportunities * work in an environment that supports their development. The Learning and Skills Council (LSC) look to employers and learning organisations they fund to help promote equality of opportunity, widen participation and improve performance. They recommend the following. â€Å"Explicit references: equality of opportunity should be promoted and discrimination tacked so that all employees achieve their potential, * guidance and support should be sensitive to quality of opportunity, * organisations should have effective measures to eliminate oppressive behaviour, including all forms of harassment, * companies should be socially inclusive, ensuring equality of access and opportunities for workforces, * managers should use materials and methods that promote equality of opportunity, * there should be explicit aims, values and strategies promoting equality for all that are reflected in the organisation’s work. Implicit references: staff should have access to relevant, effective support on personal issues, * staff should understand their rights and responsibilities, * resources and accommodation should allow all staff to participate fully, * organisations should promote good working relationships, * programmes should be responsive to local circumstances, * the organisation’s values should be fully understood by staff, including sub contractors and work placement organisations, * the performance of different groups of staff should be used to guide programme development. As a manager I need to take positive steps to promote a culture of equality and diversity in everything that I do that may affect the employment process. 3. 2 – Evaluate the impact of showing respect to others, recognising their value and upholding their rights An example of showing respect to others, recognising their value and upholding their rights could be: An employee has declared to me during this Common Induction Standards training that he is transgender and wants to know which toilet facilities he can use. He has not asked this information remain confidential. This declaration by the employee means that my whole organisation is deemed to know under the Equality Act 2010, and will need to make reasonable adjustments so that the employee has access to toilet facilities he is comfortable with. I may suggest that the employee can use the disabled toilet which is accessed by both males and females. If I am unable to respond to the employee’s needs, he may feel that under the Gender Reassignment Regulations (1999) his needs have not been given the same consideration as those of male and female gender. Some employees may not want to may not want to complete the section on the application form (pre 2008), which required them to disclose details such as a disability, ethnic origin, date of birth etc. Although it was not compulsory, the information often helped our organisation support the workforce, as well as collect data for purposes such as funding and statistics to inform policies. 3. 3 – Describe the need for integrity, fairness and consistency in dealings with individuals When considering forms of harassment, it is important to bear in mind that different people have different cultural and social perceptions as to what they consider to be hostile or degrading. If possible, deliver sessions with your workforce to try to address these perceptions or assumptions. During the recruitment and selection process, I often ask the interviewers what they understand by equality and diversity and how they ensure it in their interviewing. Very often the response is that they would treat everyone the same. However, diversity, fairness and equality are about treating others as they would wish to be treated, rather than making assumptions on their behalf. The workforce is all different and therefore have different needs and different degrees of need which will lead to equal outcomes at the end of their training. Language has a fundamental role to play in treating people fairly. Words you use should give a clear message to all the workforce that myself and my organisation value diversity and respect individual differences. Carefully examining the language I use and the way I use it will help ensure that I treat my workforce as individuals and not merely as members of staff. Communication is not just about words, however, and I also should ensure that my tone of voice, demeanour and body language convey the same message of inclusiveness. An example may be: Gemma has been asked to plan, design and deliver a four week Job Skills programme as part of a Support and Achieve Programme for Lone Parents. The clients are referred to the programme from JobCentrePlus and the aim of the project is for the one parents to return to work. The very title of this project typecasts these clients into a particular group. They are immediately identified as lone or single parents. Gemma therefore suggests the title be changed. Reports from the media project an image of lone parents as predominately young mothers or fathers with children living on their own and claiming state benefits. There are many diverse people who find themselves as lone parents due to different circumstances, for example, widows, windowers or divorcees. The title of a programme can therefore affect who will apply for it, in this example it is positive discrimination in favour of lone parents. However, the content will be based around returning to work and could easily be adapted to suit others, and the mix of workers will help promote inclusion and equality. 3. 4 – Outline a process for dealing with others whose behaviours, words or actions do not support a commitment to equality of opportunity or diversity When an inspection is planned, the Care Quality Commission (CQC) uses the provider’s annual self-assessment report, along with other information such as data on achievement and development plans. Inspection reports include judgements on self-assessment and the self-assessment report. During the inspection the self-assessment report will continue to provide CQC inspectors with crucial evidence to support judgements about the Essential Standards of Quality and Safety’s main aspects, the contributory grades for equality and diversity, safeguarding and the provider’s capacity to improve. Inspectors will use the report to assess risk, monitor standards and plan for inspection. Where subject areas are to be inspected, the report will help the lead inspector select the areas to inspect. Findings during the inspection will be compared with those in the self-assessment report, and a conclusion reached on the accuracy of those judgements. Judgements on the accuracy and use made of the self-assessment report contribute to the grade awarded for the provider’s capacity to make and sustain improvements. A provider that is judged to be outstanding in this area will have a self-assessment report that is highly accurate. The process of self-assessment will be comprehensive and inclusive. It will be used very effectively to secure sustained improvements in all aspects of the provider’s work. A provider that is judged to be good in this area will have a self-assessment report that is largely accurate. The process will be thorough and used well to secure improvements in most aspects of the provider’s work. A provider that is judged to be satisfactory in this area will use self-assessment well to identify most of the provider’s strengths and weaknesses and bring about improvements. A provider judged to be inadequate in this area may be one where quality improvement and self-assessment do not lead to demonstrable improvements. After inspection you must review and update your plans to take account of the inspection findings. Providers are required to set out clearly what actions are needed and to link this explicitly to the inspection findings within two months of the publication of the inspection report.

Lycius Dilemma Essay examples -- Essays Papers

Lycius' Dilemma The Master and Margarita and Lamia are the vastly different works of two men from far flung times and places. Though the histories and plots of these works diverge, their thematic elements resonate. Each text invokes a dualism of worlds: the world of the imagination and the world of reality. The imaginative realm is a mythic space of love, creativity and magic. Paradoxically, the characters that speak for the realm of imagination are those aligned with the devil (Lamia and Woland). Reason control and mortality characterize the realm of reality and its representatives are Appollonius and the Muscovites. The source of conflict and distress in these works arises from the seemingly unbridgeable schism between these two worlds. The dilemma of Lycius in Lamia and the Master in The Master and Margarita is this fundamental incompatibility of worlds. These mediating figures can be seen (allegorically or literally) as artists attempting to reconcile the space of creation and imagination with t he everyday world that "will clip an angle's wings, / Conquer all mysteries by rule and line" (Lamia, Pt. II, 234-235). Keats and Bulgakov offer varying representations and outcomes to Lycius' dilemma. In these texts Appollonius and soviet Moscow society function inimically to the forces of imagination and negative capability. These characters represent sobriety and reason. They attempt to limit and control the narrative and the forces of the imagination-which often exceed their powers. A systemic vision of knowledge binds both the Muscovites and Appollonius. Both parties rely on the certainty of this knowledge to inoculate them from the more frightening and unstable aspects of existence. Through categorization they hope to contro... ...er will live a life of writing and love, but without any hope of communicating his ideas to his society: he is completely cut off from the community. The intrusion of reality (Appollonius) destroys Lycius and his relationship with Lamia. However discouraging these endings seem, they are after all texts that have reached us and communicated something to us. Though the artist might die and though society might not understand, the truth of Woland's words remains: "manuscripts don't burn" (Bulgakov, 245). The text survives as a testament to the power and possibility of the artistic spirit. Works Cited Bulgakov, Mikhail. The Master and Margarita. New York: Vintage, 1995. Keats, John. Lamia. 1820. Romanticism: An Anthology. Ed. Duncan Wu. 2nd Ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998. Proffer, Ellendea. "'Commentary' in The Master and Margarita." New York: Vintage, 1995. Lycius' Dilemma Essay examples -- Essays Papers Lycius' Dilemma The Master and Margarita and Lamia are the vastly different works of two men from far flung times and places. Though the histories and plots of these works diverge, their thematic elements resonate. Each text invokes a dualism of worlds: the world of the imagination and the world of reality. The imaginative realm is a mythic space of love, creativity and magic. Paradoxically, the characters that speak for the realm of imagination are those aligned with the devil (Lamia and Woland). Reason control and mortality characterize the realm of reality and its representatives are Appollonius and the Muscovites. The source of conflict and distress in these works arises from the seemingly unbridgeable schism between these two worlds. The dilemma of Lycius in Lamia and the Master in The Master and Margarita is this fundamental incompatibility of worlds. These mediating figures can be seen (allegorically or literally) as artists attempting to reconcile the space of creation and imagination with t he everyday world that "will clip an angle's wings, / Conquer all mysteries by rule and line" (Lamia, Pt. II, 234-235). Keats and Bulgakov offer varying representations and outcomes to Lycius' dilemma. In these texts Appollonius and soviet Moscow society function inimically to the forces of imagination and negative capability. These characters represent sobriety and reason. They attempt to limit and control the narrative and the forces of the imagination-which often exceed their powers. A systemic vision of knowledge binds both the Muscovites and Appollonius. Both parties rely on the certainty of this knowledge to inoculate them from the more frightening and unstable aspects of existence. Through categorization they hope to contro... ...er will live a life of writing and love, but without any hope of communicating his ideas to his society: he is completely cut off from the community. The intrusion of reality (Appollonius) destroys Lycius and his relationship with Lamia. However discouraging these endings seem, they are after all texts that have reached us and communicated something to us. Though the artist might die and though society might not understand, the truth of Woland's words remains: "manuscripts don't burn" (Bulgakov, 245). The text survives as a testament to the power and possibility of the artistic spirit. Works Cited Bulgakov, Mikhail. The Master and Margarita. New York: Vintage, 1995. Keats, John. Lamia. 1820. Romanticism: An Anthology. Ed. Duncan Wu. 2nd Ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998. Proffer, Ellendea. "'Commentary' in The Master and Margarita." New York: Vintage, 1995.

Niccolò Machiavelli and Desiderius Erasmus Essay

Machiavelli and Erasmus were both humanists, but had very different points of view. Machiavelli whose writing was from the Italian humanist’s view, when Erasmus wrote from the points of view of Christian humanist in Europe may be one of reasons for huge differences in Machiavelli’s and Erasmus’ thoughts. However, these two styles of humanism provided us means to â€Å"generalize about the meaning of the Renaissance.†(303). According to Lawrence in his book Culture and Values A Survey of the Humanities, Machiavelli â€Å"sees Christianity’s role in politics as a disaster that destroys the power of the state to govern.†(302). In other words, the Church interfered deeply in everything, especially in state management. A good example of this is Henry VIII, who ruled England from 1509 to 1547 and remains one of English most famous and controversial king because of his divorce from his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. Henry VIII wanted to divorce from Catherine that followed by marriage to Anne Boleyn. But, the Church of Rome did not allow him to do what he had wanted for so long, about six years. In 1534, Henry VIII broke with the Church of Rome over his divorce, found his own church and made himself Head of the Church of England. Clearly, Henry VIII who was a king of England, had no ability of divorcing his wife without the Church of Rome’s sanction unless he cut off all the connections from Rome. That is to say that the Church had an immense large religious influence on much of the power of a state to govern, in other words, politics. From Machiavelli’s point of view, â€Å"the state needs to restrict the power of the Church, allowing it to exercise is office only in the spiritual realm.†(302). I strongly agree with Machiavelli that there are always so much conflicts between the politics and the church that these two powerful influences can not share power and influence. In the Christian’s view, Erasmus â€Å"felt that learning from the past could be wedded to the Christian tradition to create an instrument for social reform.†(303). He realized the religious corruption, and piercingly taunted the barrenness of scholarship provided by the Church and excessively superstitious manners. Erasmus’s ideal which was combining religion and politics seems to be impossible at that time, even at the present. On the other hand, Machiavelli theory does not concern about morality and is cruel. The prince, a favorite Machiavelli’s illustration, demonstrated clearly his point of view:† The prince must be as sly as the fox and as brutal as the lion.† and † cruelty or hypocrisy is permissible; judicious cruelty consolidates power and discourages revolution.†(302). These two typically statements explains why Machiavelli’s reputation is very bad toward the Catholic Church. Nevertheless, Machiavelli’s pragmatism has a strong attraction to lots of politicians such as Napoleon and Catherine the Great of Russia. In brief, although there are reverse attitudes between Machiavelli and Erasmus, both men’s views brought us glimpses towards the meaning of the Renaissance and the general understanding of the evolution of a culture. Works Cited Lawrence Cunningham and John Reich, Culture and Values A Survey of the Humanities, Thomson Wadsworth, 2002.

How much is John Proctor responsible for his own death Essay

â€Å"The Crucible† is set in 1692, in Salem, Massachusetts. It is written by Arthur Millar in the early 50’s. It follows the lives of a gang of teenage girls, meddling with witchcraft. Stifled by the crushing pity of their elders they end up doing strange things in the woods. The chief of the group of young ladies is a girl called Abigail Williams-her innocence lost in the bed f John Proctor, a married farmer who is the soul of the play. Suddenly the devil is let loose in Salem. The girls are discovered, spurred on by their terrified accusations and the entire village is consumed by cries of witchcraft. One by one, the blameless victims of mass hysteria are torn from their homes until, inexorably, Abigail’s vengeance is turned on Proctors wife. A timeless tale of truth on trial, the Crucible relentlessly a suspenseful drama of collective evil and personal conscience. It’s centre is a vastly moving story of guilt, love and redemption. Proctor is responsible for his own death in many ways, the main reason is infidelity in relation to Abby. The other contributing factors are morality, pride, religion, law and local grievances. This is the first time we see Proctor and Abby interact with each other, â€Å"Since Proctors entrance, Abigail has stood as though on tiptoe, absorbing his presence, wide eyed. He glanced at her then goes to Betty on the bed†(pg 17) We can tell the mood in the room instantly, Abby is stood there staring at him on tiptoes, indicating her need to attract him by making herself taller, as it is believed height is the figure of beauty. Where as Proctor is quite dismissive, and shows that he doesn’t want to be acknowledged by her by glancing at her and appearing quite cold and clinical. The issue of infidelity plays a major part in the lead up to Proctors death. As Abby is envious of Elizabeth and is also quite resentfully bitter towards her, regarding how Abby was thrown out of the household because of her entanglement with John. In this quotation Abby is clueing the audience in to her past affair with him, â€Å"I look for John Proctor that took me from my sleep and put knowledge in my heart! I never knew what pretence Salem was, I never knew the lying lessons I was taught by all these Christian women and their covenanted men! And now you bid me tear the light out of my eyes? I will not, I cannot! You loved me, John Proctor, and whatever sin it is, you love me yet! † For Proctor, we quickly realise their relationship belongs to the past-while he may still be attracted to her, he is desperately trying to put the incident behind him. Abby, on the other hand, has no such sense of closure as this quote makes clear. As she begs him to come back to her, her anger over flows, and we see the roots of what becomes her targeted, destructive romp through Salem. We also see in this quotation a fierce loathing of the entire town. â€Å"I never knew what pretense Salem was, I never knew the lying lessons†¦.. † Abigail hates Salem and in the course of â€Å"The Crucible†, she makes Salem pay. The adultery is a matter of morality, whether behaviour like this should be accepted in society or if it thought as on a negative note. Elizabeth finds out about it and time is needed to mend the relationship as the scab hasn’t not yet formed. Abby still has a flame for left for Proctor and is determined to win him over by accusing his wife of witchcraft, but Proctor gets in the middle of the feud and the tables turn and he, himself is accused of being in league with the devil. Another aspect of the build up to Proctors death is his pride. This is the human defence system coming into action, when we are threatened we feel we must create a certain image to gain respect and most of the time it works, the problem that Proctor faces is if he can sustain his pride. Proctor is a very honest, upright and bluntly spoken person and hates hypocrisy, he is also a good man, but one with a secret, his fatal flaw. In Act four, Proctor utters these lines when he is wrestling with his conscience over whether to confess to witchcraft and thereby save himself . â€Å"Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave my name! † (pg 115) The judges and Hale have almost convinced him to sign his life over to them, but the last stumbling block is his signature on the confession, which he cannot bring himself to give. In a way this unwillingness reflects his desire not to dishonour his fellow prisoners: as he would not be able to live with himself knowing that other innocent people died while he quaked at deaths floor and fled. More importantly, it illustrates his obsession with his good name as reputation is tremendously important in Salem. Religion is another contributing factor to Proctors death, as Salem is quite sacramentally run . You are judged if you are not a follower of the faith, which today would be frowned at. Pride and religion link together as; if Proctor didn’t have as much self-esteem, would he be civil to the clergy men and have an advantage in the situation? It would be deceitful yet it would help in this predicament, the only person who seemed to be on Proctors side of the court was Reverend John Hale. He was a stranger to the town and did not know of Proctors resilient character, and so he thought Proctor was in need of help and is on his side. Proctor: â€Å"There be no love for Satan in this house, Mister. â€Å"(pg 55) Hale: â€Å"I pray it, I pray it dearly. (he looks to both of them, an attempt at a smile on his face) Well, then-I’ll bid you good night. † By saying this it indicates that Hale understands Proctor’s problems, which is the accusation that Proctors household is in league with Satan. The law plays a big part in the lead up to Proctors death, as they have the authority to choose what the morally correct verdict is on the case. Law is linked in with religion as members of the clergy are judges, which shouldn’t really happen as they are biased on their answers due to religious beliefs. Parris is the main distributor of opinions, and always has a word to say on the matter. He seems to bring his religion up on quite a few occasions, as that is his speciality and strength so he knows he can out smart Proctor by discussing this. â€Å"Such a Christian that will not come to church but once in a month! â€Å"(pg 72) he is trying to imply that Proctor is a bad person which is prominently a disadvantage on Proctors name, which is an underserved judgement. Overall, â€Å"The Crucible† is quite a deep and meaningful play, even though the play itself has very few examples of symbolism beyond the typical witchcraft symbols (rats, toads, bats etc) the entire play is meant to be symbols with witch trials standing in for the anti-communists â€Å"witch hunts† of the 1950’s. Proctor is the protagonist, one of the chief contenders where as Abby is the antagonist, his opponent. I think the main issue that lead to his death was in the name of Abigail Williams. If Proctor didn’t get involved with Abby, then the finger wouldn’t have been pointed at him and his wife, it would have been directed at someone else perhaps even Parris, her own blood and flesh. Abigail strikes me as a very misleading character, at the start I got the impression she was just a girl who had made a mistake and was sorry for it, but as the play unfolded her character had a dark, malicious side it to it that was sharp and uneasy. The tone of the play is quite serious and compressed, as the language is almost quite biblical. The way they use â€Å"goody† for the name of their women and â€Å"mister† for their men is unusual and creates a flavour of period. It gives a sense that church dominates their lives. Proctor decided to die for Salem, in doing so he had finally purged his guilt, his wife said.

The Prewriting Stage of the Writing Process

The Prewriting Stage of the Writing Process The writing process consists of different stages: prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing. Prewriting  is the most important of these steps. Prewriting is the generating ideas part of the writing process when the student works to determine the topic and the position or point-of-view for a target audience. Pre-writing should be offered with the time necessary for a student to create a plan or develop an outline to organize materials for the final product. The pre-writing stage could also be dubbed the talking stage of writing. Researchers have determined that talking plays an important role in literacy. Andrew Wilkinson (1965) coined the phrase oracy, defining it as the ability to express oneself coherently and to communicate freely with others by word of mouth. Wilkinson explained how oracy leads to increased skill in reading and writing. In other words, talking about a topic will improve the writing. This connection between talk and writing is best expressed by the author James Britton (1970) who stated: talk is the sea upon which all else floats.† Prewriting Methods There are a number of ways that students can tackle the prewriting stage of the writing process. Following are a few of the most common methods and strategies that students can use.   Brainstorming - Brainstorming is the process of coming up with as many ideas as possible about a topic without being worried about the feasibility or whether an idea is realistic or not.  A list format is often the easiest to organize. This can be done individually and then shared with the class or done as a group. Access to this list during the writing process can help students make connections they may want to use later in their writing.Freewriting - The free write strategy is when your students write whatever comes into their mind about the topic at hand  for a specific amount of time, like 10 or 15  minutes. In a free write, students should not worry about grammar, punctuation, or spelling. Instead, they should try and come up with as many ideas as they possibly can to help them when they get to the writing process.  Mind Maps - Concept maps or mind-mapping are great strategies to use during the pre-writing stage. Both are visual ways to outline information. There are man y varieties of mind maps that can be quite useful as students work in the prewriting stage. Webbing is a great tool that has students write a word in the middle of a sheet of paper. Related words or phrases are then connected by lines to this original word in the center. They build on the idea so that, in the end, the student has a wealth of ideas that are connected to this central idea. For example, if the topic for a paper were the role of the US President, the student would write this in the center of the paper. Then as they thought of each role that the president fulfills, they could write this down in a circle connected by a line to this original idea. From these terms, the student could then add supporting details. In the end, they would have a nice roadmap for an essay on this topic.   Drawing/Doodling - Some students respond well to the idea of being able to combine words with drawings as they think about what they want to write in the prewriting stage. This can open up creative lines of thought.  Asking Questions - Students often  come up with more creative ideas through the use of questioning. For example, if the student has to write about Heathcliffs role in Wuthering Heights, they might begin by asking themselves some questions about him and  the causes of his hatred. They might  ask how a normal person might react to better understand the depths of Heathcliffs malevolence. The point is that these questions can help the student uncover a deeper understanding of the topic before they begin writing the essay.Outlining - Students can employ traditional outlines to help them organize their thoughts in a logical manner. The student would start with the overall topic and then list out their ideas with supporting details. It is helpful to point out to student s that the more detailed their outline is from the beginning, the easier it will be for them write their paper.   Teachers should recognize that prewriting that begins in a sea of talk will engage students. Many students will find that combining a couple of these strategies may work well to provide them with a great basis for their final product. They may find that if they ask questions as they brainstorm, free write, mind-map, or doodle, they will organize their ideas for the topic. In short, the time put in up front in the pre-writing stage will make the writing stage much easier.

Free Essays on Right To Die

Right to Die. An Argumentative Essay by Darrell Fortune. Death is an unavoidable subject everyone has to confront at one time or another. We all wonder when we will die, and under what conditions. Will it be a peaceful death, which steals into the night like a cold wind? Or will it come suddenly, crashing into the room like an inescapable wave. I personally would not like to have such knowledge, but for some people death is escape. It is escape from pain, suffering, and the emotional distress placed upon their family from a terminal illness. That’s why I feel physician-assisted suicide should be a legal option for the terminal ill. When we think of physician-assisted suicide, the first person that pops into our minds is Dr. Jack Kevorkian. Dr. Kevorkian admitted helping 130 people to commit suicide, and was charged with 2nd Degree murder in 1999. He is now serving 10-25 years for administering a fatal injection to a terminally ill man. One reason for legal physician-assisted suicide is that some terminal illnesses cause great pain and suffering on the patient. Victims also have to watch their once strong, proud bodies waste away into waxy, thin skeletons. I know that today’s technological and pharmaceutical advancements can keep a human alive long after death has come knocking, but shouldn’t they have an option before being kept alive in an empty vessel? Another reason physician-assisted suicide should be legalized is the stress it places on the patient’s family. The stress arises from many factors. Some of these include not only emotional stress from the illness of a relative, but also financial problems. Hospital stays cause medical bills to pile up, and even though most people carry insurance, the coverage sometimes runs out, or only pays a certain percent of the bill. Wouldn’t you like to know that your d... Free Essays on Right To Die Free Essays on Right To Die Right to Die. An Argumentative Essay by Darrell Fortune. Death is an unavoidable subject everyone has to confront at one time or another. We all wonder when we will die, and under what conditions. Will it be a peaceful death, which steals into the night like a cold wind? Or will it come suddenly, crashing into the room like an inescapable wave. I personally would not like to have such knowledge, but for some people death is escape. It is escape from pain, suffering, and the emotional distress placed upon their family from a terminal illness. That’s why I feel physician-assisted suicide should be a legal option for the terminal ill. When we think of physician-assisted suicide, the first person that pops into our minds is Dr. Jack Kevorkian. Dr. Kevorkian admitted helping 130 people to commit suicide, and was charged with 2nd Degree murder in 1999. He is now serving 10-25 years for administering a fatal injection to a terminally ill man. One reason for legal physician-assisted suicide is that some terminal illnesses cause great pain and suffering on the patient. Victims also have to watch their once strong, proud bodies waste away into waxy, thin skeletons. I know that today’s technological and pharmaceutical advancements can keep a human alive long after death has come knocking, but shouldn’t they have an option before being kept alive in an empty vessel? Another reason physician-assisted suicide should be legalized is the stress it places on the patient’s family. The stress arises from many factors. Some of these include not only emotional stress from the illness of a relative, but also financial problems. Hospital stays cause medical bills to pile up, and even though most people carry insurance, the coverage sometimes runs out, or only pays a certain percent of the bill. Wouldn’t you like to know that your d...

How and Why to Comment in Your PHP Code

How and Why to Comment in Your PHP Code A comment in PHP code is a line that is not read as part of the program. Its only purpose is to be read by someone who is editing the code. So why use comments? To let others know what youre doing. If you are working with a group of people or plan on anyone else ever using your script, the comments tell the other programmers what you were doing in each step. This makes it much easier for them to work with and to edit your code if needed.To remind yourself what you did. Although you may just be writing a quick script for yourself and dont see the need for comments, go ahead and add them in anyway. Most programmers have experienced coming back to edit their own work a year or two later and having to figure out what they did. Comments can remind you of your thoughts when you wrote the code. There are several ways to add a comment in PHP code. The first is by using // to comment out a line. This one-line comment style only comments to the end of the line or the current code block, whichever comes first. Here is an example: ?php echo hello; //this is a comment echo there; ? If you have a single line comment, another option is to use a # sign. Here is an example of this method: ?php echo hello; #this is a comment echo there; ? If you have a longer, multi-line comment, the best way to comment is with /* and  */ before and after a lengthy comment. You can contain several lines of commenting inside a block. Here is an example: ?php echo hello; /* Using this method you can create a larger block of text and it will all be commented out */ echo there; ? Dont Mix Comments Although you can nest comments within comments in PHP, do so carefully. Not all of them nest equally well. PHP supports C, C and Unix shell-style comments. C style comments end at the first */ they encounter, so dont nest C style comments.   If you are working with PHP and HTML, be aware that HTML comments mean nothing to the PHP parser. They wont work as intended and are likely to execute some function. So, stay away from:   !Comment

Ethics in Organization, Reflection assignment based on short article Essay

Ethics in Organization, Reflection assignment based on short article - Essay Example The value of integrity helps me to discover that I have a self-accountability for the things I do and it stimulates my thinking in being a good person to everyone. It reminds me that I should be responsible for all the things that I do and the value of openness helps me to share what I do and I believe so that I may be responsible in my life. Through it, I am able to make clear all the things that I do in my life and what others can see. According to Palmer (2004), there is a clear difference between wholeness or undivided life and perfection. While perfection means strict adherence to the set out rules without failure, wholeness means that there could be failure in a person but embracing them and using them to learn what a person can do in future is what should be the most important. According to Palmer (2004), perfection implies elimination of all mistakes but wholeness implies their presence but with a way of learning from them. Perfection may not be a reasonable goal and people should aspire to attain wholeness, which would imply having a clear conscious in doing all things. In my life, I have some things that make it difficult to live a â€Å"whole† life. These factors include the corporate culture; economic factors that emphasize on making maximum profit in any venture and weaknesses in the legal system that have little to offer for the people who commit crimes. Some others factors in my life make me not to bring my inner truth to the outer world and these may include the fear of opposition and challenge, the penalties for falling short of the requirement and I am protective of the status people that people have given me in society. One factor in my life with which I need deal is fear of opposition and challenge in leading a life of integrity and wholeness. I can deal with it through accepting that I am not perfect and that I can make mistakes. The other thing I can do is to be mindful of what I do as a person even when I am alone. I

Corporate Risk Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Corporate Risk Management - Assignment Example Derivatives Derivatives refer to a method where one party owning a risk transfers the risk to another individual (Malz 189). The party receiving the risk bears the risk but at the same time has the advantage of making a profit is the risk does not materialise. The original owner of the risk does not have to pay anything to the risk buyer but has to forego any benefits derived from the non-occurrence of the risk. The advantage of this method of risk management to the business over using insurance is that the business is not obliged to pay any insurance premiums and therefore the only cost is the opportunity cost which the business has to bear due to not being able to benefit when the risk does not occur (Deventer & Imai, 48). The market for derivatives has grown significantly for some time, perhaps because of the increasing risks in the global business environment. Globalisation and technology have brought numerous opportunities to the business environment but at the same time brought numerous risks to businesses around the worlds (Norman, 58). As several risks have increased and their intensity in terms of likelihood and impact has increased, the need to have better ways to manage the risks has also increased. In such an environment, derivatives made from financial risks have increased and there are firms which are dedicated to trading on derivatives. Derivatives come on all sorts of nature, depending on the nature of risk (Triantis, 563). Forwards Forwards are a very good tool for managing some types of financial risks. These are risks associated with unexpected unfavourable changes in the market environment in the future (Darrell, 78). For instance, a firm may be concerned that the rate of exchange will change unfavourably in the future and thus affect its revenues. This usually happens with regard to firms which operate across international borders. In this kind of scenario, the firm can choose to have a forward contract with its customers or suppliers (Verz uh, 59). Forward contracts help the business in guaranteeing that its revenues or its business will not be affected in the future by making sure that the natural laws of the market will not come into action. For instance, in the example given above, a firm may have a forward contract which binds its suppliers to deliver the goods at a predetermined dollar rate regardless of the currency exchange rates in the future. This means that such a firm will operate without worrying that unexpected foreign exchange rates will affect its revenues in a negative way. Decentralising the business functions As identified above, currency risk is one of biggest risk which international businesses have to face today. In a modern business environment, even a slight change in the currency exchange rates can lead to massive losses for firms which manufacture their products locally and sell them abroad (Gregory 57). In this regard, apart from forward contracts, there are other options which such firms can consider in order to eliminate currency risks. These include the decentralisation of business to other countries especially where the business has the biggest markets. This has been demonstrated by the recent trend of American manufacturers going to china to set their manufacturing firms there. One of the firms which have been known to have been the first one to use this strategy of

Corporate Social Responsibility In Organizations & the Community Research Paper

Corporate Social Responsibility In Organizations & the Community - Research Paper Example The governments of the United States (local, state and federal) participate significantly in addressing crime issues. The governments have a moral and social responsibility to ensure observance of all regulations and laws, and to develop a safe and harmonious American society. In most cases, the federal government is responsible for initiating the basic features of law development and enforcement (Lagarde, 1994). The federal governments also play critical roles in the provision of resources to the state and local institutions, whose key function is to adopt and implement the law. The research also analyzes the survey data that explains the public policy issue of crime in the present political context. A key survey finding illustrates that the Democrats are likely to increase the levels of crime. On the same note, the African American and also the Suburban democrats greatly explain that reduction in the crime levels is the most important issues that should be addressed by the governments of the United States (Woll, 1974). This finding is very unique and interesting, because the suburban democrats did not illustrate in the survey that the crime levels are increasing. Policies can be made to govern or control any concept or issue in the society. Usually, the reason for the policy making is a problem in the society that requires a solution which can only be achieved by setting up goals and objectives. In our society, there are a number of problems which cannot be solved on an individual basis. They require the input of a group which potentially is the whole community. It is the responsibility of the society to ensure that its moral values are upheld. It is often only logical that if an elder member of the society finds teenagers misbehaving, they should correct them and probably see to it that the teenagers revere their mistakes (Jay, 2014). However, the contemporary society denotes everything in a different manner. People like

Present the current status of gene therapy for retinal diseases Research Paper

Present the current status of gene therapy for retinal diseases - Research Paper Example Diseases of the eye which have the potential of being treatable with gene therapy in future are retinitis pigmentosa, proliferative retinopathy, autoimmune uveitis, gyrate atrophy, age-related macular degeneration, retinoblastoma and Leber's congential amaurosis. Thus gene therapy has the potential to treat various inheritable retinal diseases in future. As of now, no product has been approved for clinical use and most of them are in clinical trial stage. Introduction Whenever a particular gene is defective or absent, there is either absence of a particular protein, or there is production of abnormal protein or the amount of protein produced is insufficient. This causes diseased states. Many of these diseases can be either prevented or treated by replacing the abnormal gene, or by introducing the absent gene or by supplementing the defective gene. Using genes thus to prevent or treat a disease is known as gene therapy (HGPI, 2009). This is an experimental technique and is done by ins erting genetic material into the patient’s cells. The genes thus introduced exert their benefits by either compensating for the abnormal genes or by producing beneficial protein or by supplementing the abnormal gene (Hecht, 2004). ... g genetic material into cells that cause cancer cells to revert back to normal cells, delivering genes of bacteria or virus as a form of vaccination, elivering genetic material that either impedes or promotes growth of a new tissue and delivering genetic material that stimulates healing of a damaged tissue (Hecht, 2004). Currently, research is going on for gene therapy by various approaches in different parts of the world for various diseases like combined immuno-deficiencies, hemophilia, Parkinson's disease, cancer and even HIV. Thus, gene therapy has emerged as one of the novel treatment strategies for several untreatable diseases (Singh and Tripathi, 2002). One significant area in which enormous research has been done with regard to gene therapy is retinal diseases. In this article, the current status of gene therapy for retinal diseases will be discussed through review of suitable literature. Why is retina suitable for gene therapy? Several genes which are responsible for various inherited retinal disorders have been identified (Dejneka and Bennett, 2001). Eye, especially retina, is one of the best suitable targets for gene therapy because of easy accessibility and allowance for local application of various therapeutic agents, along with decreased risk for systemic effects. Another major advantage is that the effects of therapy can be monitored through various non-invasive tests. Of the parts in the ocular system, retina is the most suitable candidate for gene therapy. This is because; the amount of virus that needs to be injected into the retina is just 1/1000 of that needed for other systemic diseases (Singh and Tripathi, 2002). The blood ocular barrier that is present in the eye separates eye from other parts of the body and protects retina. This barrier

Major Project Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Major Project - Coursework Example In addition, it affects businesses and government ministries across all countries in the world. Increased competition, which has been on the rise thanks to globalization and technological advancements, has led to increased employee turnover (Ucho, Mkavga & Onyishi, 2012). Globalization has increased demands on companies and for an organization to survive these pressures; it has to follow the best practices that ensure that its human resource is nurtured well. When the human resource is satisfied, chances are high that employee turnover would be reduced. It is worth noting that organizations must aim to trim down costs at all times and these include work force training as well as technological costs. Following increased employee turnover, it is impossible to cut the labor training costs because the organization would be on the lookout for new employees at all times. To replace an employee, an organization has to spend more than a third of the new employee’s salary according to United States Department of Labor. This leads to increased costs, which could be eliminated by reducing employee turnover (Chawla & Sondhi, 2011). According to Coomber & Barriball (2007), employee turnover is not an issue that affects the private sector alone; it also affects government ministries across the world. In Britain, National Health Service reports that the number of nurses who voluntarily leave their jobs per year is worrying. In 2003, nursing staff turnover was 9.4% in the country. Nurses play a critical role in the health of the public in any given country. Following the increasing number of people with chronic diseases, long life expectancy and advance in medical technology, the number of needed nurses is increasing every day. When the turnover is high, the remaining staff members are pressurized to cover the posts left vacant by the departed colleagues and this increases stress on the remaining staff. This in the end,

Present the current status of gene therapy for retinal diseases Research Paper

Present the current status of gene therapy for retinal diseases - Research Paper Example Diseases of the eye which have the potential of being treatable with gene therapy in future are retinitis pigmentosa, proliferative retinopathy, autoimmune uveitis, gyrate atrophy, age-related macular degeneration, retinoblastoma and Leber's congential amaurosis. Thus gene therapy has the potential to treat various inheritable retinal diseases in future. As of now, no product has been approved for clinical use and most of them are in clinical trial stage. Introduction Whenever a particular gene is defective or absent, there is either absence of a particular protein, or there is production of abnormal protein or the amount of protein produced is insufficient. This causes diseased states. Many of these diseases can be either prevented or treated by replacing the abnormal gene, or by introducing the absent gene or by supplementing the defective gene. Using genes thus to prevent or treat a disease is known as gene therapy (HGPI, 2009). This is an experimental technique and is done by ins erting genetic material into the patient’s cells. The genes thus introduced exert their benefits by either compensating for the abnormal genes or by producing beneficial protein or by supplementing the abnormal gene (Hecht, 2004). ... g genetic material into cells that cause cancer cells to revert back to normal cells, delivering genes of bacteria or virus as a form of vaccination, elivering genetic material that either impedes or promotes growth of a new tissue and delivering genetic material that stimulates healing of a damaged tissue (Hecht, 2004). Currently, research is going on for gene therapy by various approaches in different parts of the world for various diseases like combined immuno-deficiencies, hemophilia, Parkinson's disease, cancer and even HIV. Thus, gene therapy has emerged as one of the novel treatment strategies for several untreatable diseases (Singh and Tripathi, 2002). One significant area in which enormous research has been done with regard to gene therapy is retinal diseases. In this article, the current status of gene therapy for retinal diseases will be discussed through review of suitable literature. Why is retina suitable for gene therapy? Several genes which are responsible for various inherited retinal disorders have been identified (Dejneka and Bennett, 2001). Eye, especially retina, is one of the best suitable targets for gene therapy because of easy accessibility and allowance for local application of various therapeutic agents, along with decreased risk for systemic effects. Another major advantage is that the effects of therapy can be monitored through various non-invasive tests. Of the parts in the ocular system, retina is the most suitable candidate for gene therapy. This is because; the amount of virus that needs to be injected into the retina is just 1/1000 of that needed for other systemic diseases (Singh and Tripathi, 2002). The blood ocular barrier that is present in the eye separates eye from other parts of the body and protects retina. This barrier

The Ethical and Legal Issues Which Arise with Health Care Essay

The Ethical and Legal Issues Which Arise with Health Care - Essay Example The case of Martin is one which carries interest because of the known concerns that pertain to stroke as well as the capacity which the hospital had to respond, but didn’t. This first began when Martin was admitted to the hospital, which raises ethical concern with the responses that were required and not acted upon. It is known that when an individual suffers from stroke, certain reflexes began to be prompted, specifically to try to balance out the body in a different manner. With this, is a known change with the body that leads to pneumonia, often which leaves the body too weak for an operation. Feeding tubes and alternative feeding methods are common expectations with patients, especially if the stroke is too severe for post – stroke patients. It is noted that this is the only way to not have reflexes respond and to make the right movements for nutrition and alterations for feeding among patients. The known problem which arises is one which indicates that the hospita l should have immediately responded to the conditions in terms of feeding and nutrition, as opposed to hiring a speech therapist to try to change the condition of Martin first. Another problem which is associated with the case of Martin is based on the inability for him to talk and the dependency which was created with his condition in the hospital. This issue is furthered with the processes which were not carried through, not only in terms of the nutritious and physical state, but also in response to the other difficulties which are known to accompany those suffering from a stroke. This is inclusive of psychological responses, social difficulties, changes in cognitive ability and personality processes. Hospital personnel are required to understand the ethical concerns and the way in which this links to the

Brothels and Convents in Renaissance and Measure for Measure Essay Example for Free

Brothels and Convents in Renaissance and Measure for Measure Essay In this investigation I will focus mostly on the regulation of both convents and brothels in the time period of Shakespeare and the early Renaissance. Ruth Mazo Karras’ â€Å"The Regulation of Brothels in Later Medieval England,† focuses exactly on this topic throughout England and other European countries during the Renaissance. In regards to the convents I will be looking closely at an article entitled â€Å"Subjects on the Worlds Stage: Essays on British Literature of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance,† written by David G. Allen and Robert A. White. The regulations of brothels in the Renaissance were regarded heavily. Karras says that women within these brothels were basically regarded as evil and as sinners yet they remained occupying the position of prostitution solely because of the sexual appetite of men; these brothels were considered â€Å"†¦a necessary evil† (Karras). The first parallel between women of convents and stews I came to find was that of the aspect of being forbidden from society in a sense. Women of convents were completely shut off from the public, no insiders could leave and no outsiders could come in (Allen). The only difference in the secrecy of these two places was the fact that the brothels were attended by men. Karras also states that the women of brothels were not given any rights that regular women had, â€Å"In some places, she was not allowed to reject any customer, indeed could not be raped because she was considered to belong to all men and thus had no right to withhold consent† (Karras). These two aspects of women’s lives in this time period play a major part in the drama Measure for Measure, and especially set up the scene in the opening act of the play. When Claudio sends for his sister, Isabel, to help him get out of jail, in which he was sentenced to death for having premarital (by the eyes of the church) sex with Juliet, Isabel leaves the convent in which she was about to take her vows in order to save her brother. Thus, we have an almost-nun and sinful intercourse immediately in Act 1, both directly related to the idea of convents and brothels and the women within these places. In this case, however, Juliet is not a prostitute but in the eyes of Angelo and the law is regarded as one because of her and Claudio’s unofficial and insufficient marriage.

Analysis of Energy Saving Websites

Analysis of Energy Saving Websites In this Web assignment of session I have to complete six tasks. Each task has different functionality. In the task-1 of this assignment I have done some web base research on some energy saving sites. From these sites I have selected some sites which can be useful for completing my web site and completing the whole Web assignment. In the task-2 of this assignment I have created a Gantt chart which shows the time scale of completing each task and the total assignment. In the task-3 of this assignment I have created a site map of the overall web site. In the task-4 of this assignment I have created an HTML home page of energy saving. In the task-5 of this assignment I have created four energy saving activities. In the task-6 of this assignment I have created a report describing Publishing FAQs, Reader numbers, Way of measure the numbers of readers, Methods of Accepting questions and their response on Web page and FAQ. Online Research on ‘Energy Saving Task-1: There is a large and growing number of websites that provide this type of material; however they differ considerably in their intended target audiences and their scope. Carry out some web-based research to collect information and ideas about energy saving. Make notes on the useful sites and bookmark them for future reference. Introduction: There are many website in internet on Saving Energy or Energy Saving. They are provided many services to their regular customer and potential customer. I have visited many web sites that are related with Energy Saving web site. All of these sites provide facilities for the online sale and ordering of Sport Tickets. Some of the sites give information about their companys past history and their success in the field of Energy Saving. But my main purpose was to look at their range of the product, their specific services they offer customers, and in which way they gather site visitor information. Some list of my visited sites: www.aceee.org [09.05.2008] www1.eere.energy.gov [09.05.2008] www.energysavingnow.com[09.05.2008] www.windtrap.co.uk[09.05.2008] www.energyquest.ca.gov [09.05.2008] www.energystar.gov[09.05.2008] www.espenergy.org[09.05.2008] www.hi-velocity.com[09.05.2008] www.energysavingtrust.org.uk.com[09.05.2008] www.carbontrust.co.uk [09.05.2008] www.Techtree.com[09.05.2008] www.Energybooks.com[09.05.2008] Site-1: www.hi-velocity.com [09.05.2008] Notes of the Site: Attractive home page. Good graphical presentation of energy saving. FAQs option is available for this sites visitor. This site has searching option for their user. Site-2: www.aceee.org [09.05.2008] Notes of the Site: Attractive home page and links. Online guide option available for sites visitors. End use of energy saving tips is available for users. This site has searching option for their user. Site-3: www.energysavingnow.com [09.05.2008] Notes of the Site: Links of important information are present on this web site. They have given information different energy sources of today. This site has different section for press visitor. Search for energy saving option for their user. Site-4: www.1.eere.energy.gov [09.05.2008] Notes of the Site: Attractive home page for their users. Links are displayed by images. Important information for energy saving are available. Site-5: www.windtrap.co.uk [09.05.2008] Notes of the Site: Attractive home page. Energy saving product are sold by this web site. Different prize are offered for the customer of this web site. They have different link for different product. Conclusion: After completing the Taks-1 of my ‘Developing a Website I have most of the information which will be required for completing my assignment. Researching on energy saving on the internet gave me lot of newss about current energy saving activity and energy saving products. Task-2: Introduction: I am starting my project in the eighth date and I have made a project plan. This plan will help me to maintain the rules. The chart is give below: A project plan for the way I intended to complete the rest of the assignment. For planning use the time scale I have been allocated for this assignment. Name of the month with date 12 May 08 to 06 June 08 Month May-2008 June-2008 Date 09-11 12 13-17 18-24 25-31 01-02 03-06 Hour 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Task1 Task2 Task3 Task4 Task5 Task6 Conclusion: This planning gave the target for doing the work in time. Site Map Task-3: Produce a Site Map for overall website concept showing how all the different types of information can be presented and, in particular, how navigation between the different pages will be organized. Keep in mind the need to make the site engaging and inspirational so that it will meet its objective. Site Map Home Energy Saving Activities Do not waste Bulbs FAQ Why Energy Save? Energy Saving Product Reduce Consumption Comments Add Comments View Comments Change Behavior Usage Style Search Kitchen Appliance Household Equipments Conclusion: After completing the Task-3 of my ‘Developing a Website I have the complete designing concept about how I am going to design my whole web site. I am going to design me website as I have planned to design it. Home Page (Screen Shot) Figure 1: (TOP of the HOME Page) Figure 2: (Center of the HOME Page) Figure 3: (Bottom of the HOME Page) Activity Pages (Screen Shot) Figure 1: (TOP of the Change Behavior Page) Figure 2: (Bottom of the Change Behavior Page) Figure 3: (TOP of the Reduce Consumption Page) Figure 4: (Bottom of the Reduce Consumption Page) Figure 5: (TOP of the Usage Style Page) Figure 6: (Bottom of the Usage Style Page) Figure 7: (TOP of the Do Not Waste Page) Figure 8: (Bottom of the Do Not Waste Page) Task-6: Write a short report of not more than 2000 words describing: †¢ The methods that you might use to accept questions and publish them with an appropriate response on the advice pages. You do not want to make this a purely manual process. †¢ The way in which you would measure the numbers of readers and the usefulness of the questions and answers so that you can determine which should become FAQs? †¢ The methods and design ideas you might use to make it easy to publish the FAQs in a prominent way that is accessible from the home page, so that readers will want to return to the website to read them. FAQ:- FAQ is an acronym for Frequently Asked Questions. It is also Sometimes used as the singular Frequently Asked Question (Although When was the last time you heard only one question?). Some have called it Frequently Answered Questions as well. This Isnt necessarily correct, but it isnt necessarily wrong either. It Effectively has the same meaning. A compilation of Frequently Asked Questions (and their answers) is Referred to as a FAQ list or FAQ article. Sometimes the term FAQ Itself is used to refer to the article as an example, I refer to This article as a FAQ about FAQs. The term FAQ has a meaning of its own that could almost qualify it as A word of its own. Sometimes, FAQs are full of answers. Other times They are policy statements for USENET groups, without the Question and Answer format that is popular. FAQs fall into the realm of articles called Periodic Postings. In Addition to FAQs, other articles or compilations of information are Posted and/or archived. www.faqs.org [27.05.2008] Another definition of FAQ are â€Å"Pronounced as separate letters, or as fak, and short for frequently asked questions, a FAQ is an online document that poses a series of common questions and answers on a specific topic. FAQs originated in Usenet groups as a way to answer questions about the rules of the service. Today, there are FAQs on the Web for many topics, ranging from programming languages to gardening tips.† Here is another definition of FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions): FAQs are documents that list and answer the most common questions on a particular subject. There are hundreds of FAQs on subjects as diverse as Pet Grooming and Cryptography. FAQs are usually written by people who have tired of answering the same question over and over. Methods of Accepting questions and their response on Web page:- In the daily basis there are a lot of visitors who visit any web site. As well as any other web site energy saving web sites have a lot of visitors, who visit these sites daily or weekly basis. While visiting these sites they have many questions arising on their mind about these sites. Now the most common question arising how these questions can be received and given appropriate response about these questions. Questions can be received by many methods most common of them are e-mail based and response form. People or visitors can e-mail their responses or advises or questions to the particular sites owner or officials. Response form A response form contains many options as like visitors name, ID number, address, telephone number, email address, subject of question and a free space, which is used to taking question from the visitors. When a visitor submits response form, after finishing point then it is stored within web file. After that the web authority tries to response with appropriate answer to visitors. A response form contains some most important parts, which must be filling by visitors as like name, telephone, question etc. Email based It is another method to allow question from visitors. For this system, first visitors require an email account, which is used for throw mail to another email address. In relation to this method, company chooses an email address associated with their website to converse with company. The company gives notice through their website to launch mail about visitors inquiry. Then visitors can send mail with their questions. www.superb.net [27.05.2008] Another way of receiving questions is feedback form on the web site. While any visitors finish of his/her on the site then he/she can fill-up the form which will include the privilege of giving comments, asking questions and give personal information for feedback information or further notice. From both of these process questions can be received and saved or stored to the question memory and the most common questions can be answered automatically. Because these questions cannot be asked frequently and have no answers on the question memory. Publishing FAQs:- The web site officials of maintenance staff will maintain a question memory where the entire question will be saved which was asked by the visitors. FAQs can be published by filtering those questions by their asking rate and importance relating the sites subject. After filtering those questions it will be categorized by subject and importance and it will be published on a different section of the web site. FAQs PUBLISHING METHOD: ENERGY SAVING HO

Analysis of Soldiers Home by Ernest Hemingway Essay -- Literary Analys

The story, A Soldiers Home, is about a man in conflict with the past and present events in his life. The young man’s name is Harold Krebs. He recently returned from World War 1 to find everything almost exactly the same as when he left. He moved back into his parents house, where he found the same car sitting in the same drive way. He also found the girls looking the same, except now they all had short hair. When he returned to his home town in Oklahoma the hysteria of the soldiers coming home was all over. The other soldiers had come home years before Krebs had so everyone was over the excitement. When he first returned home he didn’t want to talk about the war at all. Then, when he suddenly felt the urge and need to talk about it no one wanted to hear about it. When he returned all of the other soldiers had found their place in the community, but Harold needed more time to find his place. In the mean time he plays pool, â€Å"practiced on his clarinet, strolled down town, read, and went to bed.†(Hemingway, 186) When his mother pressures him to get out and get a girlfriend and job, he te...

Good for Another Essay

We were in our final year in secondary school, and we were asked to pay for WAEC and NECO fees. Some paid for WAEC only, some paid for NECO only, while some paid for both. Three weeks before the closing date, me and my friend went out for break, though it was prohibited to eat your breakfast in the class but me and Ada often eat there. That day, when we went into class, we were surprise to see one of our classmate; Sarah crying. We asked her why she was crying and she told us her parent cannot afford to pay for her WAEC or NECO fees. I was touched by the way she was crying and I promise her I would pay for her, I told her I would tell my parents and I was sure they will pay for her. Me and Ada told her to wipe her tears before the rest of the student came in from break. That day, when I reached home I told my mother about it and she promised to pay for her WAEC only, that she would give me the money in two days. We all graduated from secondary school and we all made our result and almost all of us furthered our education to Universities of various types. I lost contact with Ada and Sarah since then but, you know; Life have to go on. I was at the school cafà © one day when I saw Sarah, oh my God! I can’t believe I was seeing her, we were so happy to see each other again after our life in secondary school. We talked for so long, and through our chatting I discovered her Dad was now rich, and she was studying Law. We exchanged phone numbers and hostel Numbers. We became friends again. At the end of second semester in school, I went home only to find out my father was dead, he was hit by a bus the night before the day I came home. I wept, oh my God! I did not only wept because I lost my father, I also wept that my education might stop, I wept that all my years in school might be wasted. I wept that I fell sick and was admitted at the hospital for a week. A week after I was discharged from the hospital, I heard registration for next semester will be closing in one week. I told my mother, but she told me she cannot afford the fee. I was devastated, I was afraid that my greatest fear is coming to reality. I decided to go to Sarah for help, but to my greatest surprise, she told me she wanted to use the money she had for something else. It hurts me so much that I wept right in front of her. All she could tell me was she can’t give me the money. I wept home and told my mother what Sarah told me, she could not believe this, she could not believe this was the girl she helped some years back. She told me to wipe my tears, and that life goes on. I was dropped out of school and I started apprenticeship in a salon shop not far from our house. After two years, I invested my own salon and with more effort and the help and support of my mother, my shop grew up. My salon became one of the best of the well known salon. I was in my salon one day when Ada came in, I did not even notice her. I was busy working when I heard someone call my name, I turned and saw Ada, I shouted and hugged her. Oh Goodness, I was seeing Ada again after so many years. We chatted for a while and she told me she saw Sarah, she told me Sarah was dropped out of school and arrested by the Police, that she was caught with Cocaine. I told her what happened to me, how I was dropped out of school, she was surprise that Sarah could do such a thing to me, me of all people. I told her I was well over it, and Sarah deserved all that happened to her. Though I am successful in life but, I will never forget how I was dropped out of school. I may forgive Sarah but, I will never forget what she did to me.

Heart Failure Essay

Heart Failure The heart is one of the body’s most vital organ. The heart pumps blood throughout the body which carries nutrients other organs need. It also carries oxygenated blood to the lungs which allows us to breathe. Since the heart is so important, relying on it that it will do its job is necessary so we can live, but sometimes the heart can fail. Heart failure is a syndrome that occurs when the heart can not pump enough blood to meet the body’s metabolic needs. This paper will discuss what heart failure is, the signs and symptoms, and lastly the treatment and prevention of heart failure. Heart failure is usually classified according to the side of the heart that is affected. Either â€Å" left or right side, or by the cardiac cycle involved† (Lippincott Wilkins & Williams, 2011). Left sided heart failure occurs when there is ineffective function of the left ventricular contractile. As the pumping of the left ventricle fails, cardiac output also fails. The blood that is suppose to go to the body is no longer being pumped out, thus backing up into the left atrium and the the lungs, causing â€Å"pulmonary congestion, dyspnea, and activity intolerance† ( Lippincott Wilkins & Williams, 2011). Right sided heart failure results from ineffective right ventricular contractile function. Blood is not being pumped effectively through the right ventricle to the lungs, causing blood to back up into the right atrium and the peripheral circulation. When this happens, the patient gains weight and develops peripheral edema and engorgement of the kidney and other organs. Heart failure not only effects the heart but also other systems in the body. The cardiovascular system is affected by the heart not being able to pump blood throughout the body. Also, as the blood backs up into the left atrium, blood backs up into the lungs causing pulmonary congestion which affects the respiratory system. When blood backs up into  the right atrium, the kidneys become engorged which cause problems with the renal system. There are different signs and symptoms for heart failure. People with heart failure can develop shortness of breath, also called dyspnea, caused when the blood is backed up in the pulmonary veins. The patient will feel breathlessness during activity or while sleeping. Another sign and symptom is persistent coughing or wheezing, caused when fluid is being backed up in the lungs. The patient will cough up pink or blood stained mucus. Another sign and symptom is build up of excess fluid in body tissues, also called edema, and is caused when blood flow out of the heart slows down, the blood returning to the heart through the veins backs up, causing fluid to build up in the tissues. Patient can also develop swelling in the feet, ankles, legs or abdomen, or weight gain. A patient with heart failure may also feel tired and develop fatigue caused by the heart not pumping enough to meet the body’s needs. They also might develop digestive problems causing loss of appetite and nausea. Th is is a result of the digestive system not receiving enough blood causing digestive problems. ( Chen, 2013) If a patient has been diagnosed with heart failure there are some treatments that are involved to keep the syndrome under control. The patient will have medical therapy that involves medications such as an angiotensin- covering enzyme, diuretics to reduce fluid volume overload and venous return, beta- adrenergic blockers to prevent remodeling, any many others. A patient may also have to undergo surgery such as cardiac bypass. There are many life style changes that the patient also has to comply with. Some include weight loss, limited alcohol intake, smoking cessation, stress reduction, and development of an exercise program. If the case is severe, the patient might have to have a heart transplant, but even so, many complications and a hospitalizations are experienced. In order to porevent heart failure there are two ways to approach it. First is to stop or slow heart failure, and second is to avoid a repeat of any event detrimental to the patient’s life. (Shaddinger, 2014) Heart failure is a very serious disease. It should never be be taken lightly and although the most common cause of heart failure is coronary artery disease. It can also occur in infants and children with heart defects. References Chen, M. (2013) Hear Failure Overview. The New York Times. Retrieved from www.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/heart-failure/overview.html Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, (2011) Pressure ulcers. Professional Guide to Pathophysiology. 3rd ed. p. 575-579. Philadelphia. Wolters Kluwer. Shaddinger, D. (2014) Treatment and Prevention. Seconds Count. Retrieved from www.scai.org/secondscount/treatment/default.aspx

Book of Sand Essay

1.The book had affected the narrator to a great extent. At first he did not care for the book, until the stranger selling Bibles said â€Å"the number of pages in this book is literally infinite. No page is the first page; no page is the last†. This intrigued the narrator’s mind. After he had bought the book, he began investigating. He noted down things in the book. He began losing sleep from the investigation and when he actually got sleep, his dreams were about the book. As it states in the short story, â€Å"At night, during the rare intervals spared me by insomnia, I dreamed of the book†. He had grown an obsession with the book, which altered his lifestyle and forced him to hide the book in the library. 2.The literary device that the author uses to compare the book and himself to was a metaphor. When the narrator said, â€Å"it was cold consolation to think that I, who looked upon it with my eye and fondled it with my ten flesh-and-bone fingers, was no less monstrous than the book†, this proved that he was comparing himself to the monstrous book. The meaning and significance of this metaphor states that he was no different from the book. His mind was now as dense and endless. The book carried infinite secrets and toyed with its readers. As it stated in the short story, â€Å"I felt it was a nightmare thing, an obscene thing, and that it defiled and corrupted reality†. The narrator felt that the deadly secrets that emanated from the book were all getting to his head. His fear of infinite evil caused him to hide the demonic book and run away from the eternal thoughts. 3.In the short story, â€Å"The Book of Sand† by Jorge Luis Borges, the narrator states that he had become a â€Å"prisoner of the book†. This is evidently shown when he obsessively investigates the book. He barely slept because all he could think about was the book, and he barely left his house. As it’s shown, â€Å"I had but few friends left, and those I stopped seeing. A prisoner of the book, I hardly left my house†. He became isolated and trapped in the secrets and mystery of the book. 4.The salesman’s previous warning to the narrator about the book as he stated, â€Å"Look at it well. You will never see it again†, had come true in this short story. The book was infinite, full of endless amounts of illustrations and had no beginning or end. When the narrator said, â€Å"They never repeated themselves†, this proved that it was impossible for anyone to revisit the same page. Therefore the salesman’s previous warning had come true. 5.The author of the short story, Jorge Luis Borges, illustrates the idea of giving up the things we should have valued but instead take for granted for the sole purpose of pleasing one’s obsession to obtain things that will end up destroying humanity regardless of the fulfillment of curiosity. In the beginning, the narrator didn’t seem to care about The Book of Sand. It was not until the salesman had said that it had infinite pages that caught the attention of the narrator. He now wanted the book and would pay a great amount for it. When the narrator offered a trade, â€Å"I will offer you the full sum of my pension. . . and Wyclif’s black-letter Bible†, it proved that he would give up his valuables to get a hold of that book, which little did he know would actually destroy him. He grew an obsession for the book. As it states in the story, â€Å"At night, during the rare intervals spared me by insomnia, I dreamed of the book†. This provides evidence of the fact that he had been so extremely fixated on the diabolical book that even when his body was asleep, his mind was still obsessing over it. When he realizes the mistake he made, giving into his curiosity, he decides to get rid of the monstrous book. However at this point he had already lost his friends and the things he valued. The book had taken up a great extent of his time that could not be taken back, because unlike The Book of Sand, his life was not infinite. 6.The literary device used is a metaphor. I think this because when the narrator says â€Å"the best place to hide a leaf is in the forest†, he is referring to a way to hide The Book of Sand. At first he considered destroying the evil thing. Although he thought that the â€Å"burning of an infinite book might be similarly infinite, and suffocate the planet in smoke†. Therefore he thought to hide the book in plain sight. Hiding a leaf in the forest is like hiding a book in a library. He hid the book on one of the library’s damp shelves in the basement and tried not to notice where exactly he put it. He did this so he and anyone else wouldn’t be able to find the monstrous book. He didn’t want to be a â€Å"prisoner of the book† anymore. The book had ruined his life and took away time, the most precious thing we have in life. He didn’t want to be trapped by the isolation of the book and so he hid it where it could never be found.