Global Warming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

A worldwide temperature alteration - Research Paper Example Sunlight based radiation enter the cover due to shortwave nature however incapable to get away from trough the cover because of long water nature subsequent to reflecting through the outside of earth. In any case, as the grouping of the green house gases in the air expanded because of the huge utilization of petroleum derivative assets, the piece of the sun based radiation that makes a sheltered getaway to the space can't get away to the space. In this manner, the temperature of the planet is expanding ceaselessly. The marvel is frequently named as a dangerous atmospheric devation. It is evaluated that assessed that somewhere in the range of 1906 and 2005, the normal temperature of the earth’s surface rose by about 0.74 °C (Hoyt and Schatten, 1993). An Earth-wide temperature boost was a term that was first utilized in 1975 by an American researcher â€Å"Wallace Smith Broecker† who found the atmosphere of the earth is warming reliably because of different human caused issues. He distributed a paper in a magazine that he named â€Å"Are we near the precarious edge of an articulated worldwide warming?† where he previously begat the term. In 1979, the term is utilized to portray the physical marvel that is warming up the planet. The article was distributed by National institute of Science and titles it as, â€Å"The Charney Report† (Yukozimo, 2014). Ozone Layer is a district of thick gases is the stratosphere of the earth that is fit for blocking a large portion of the hurtful sun oriented Ultra violet radiations. Ozone layer has higher grouping of ozone when contrasted with the earth’s surface. Over 90% of ozone is available in the stratosphere of earth. Other air gases are likewise there in the earth’s stratosphere. Because of the expanding grouping of the refrigerants, solvents and fuels in the climate, the ozone layer is under consumption with the pace of 4% every decade. Man made synthetics like halocarbons, CFCs, HCFCs, freons,â halons are impacting the ozone consumption. The consumption of the ozone layer is advancing the worldwide

How to Write an Argumentative Essay For Law Enforcement

How to Write an Argumentative Essay For Law EnforcementAn argumentative essay is not an easy task to write, no matter how long you have been writing essays. In fact, if you think you can just write it and once it's done, you'll be the one being accepted for an award or prize. The good thing is that if you make your work easy and simple, others will be able to read it without any difficulty. It would be a waste of time if you force yourself to write something with difficult structure or style.It's really not important if you can read and understand the words but the more difficult the more it should be approached, the easier it should be when doing the simple stuff. Try using as much logic, creativity and intelligence in writing the argumentative essay. By reading some books on this subject you can determine the pros and cons of writing such kind of essay.To help you out, there are writers who have experience in writing for law enforcement officers and private investigators. When you come across the resources on the internet, go over them carefully. Most of these resources provide the information on the writing of essays for law enforcement. With this, you can benefit from the basic steps of composition. Your argumentative essay must be clear and precise and you should give exact examples for the examples that you will use in the essay.First, you need to look for something that is relevant and has proven results for law enforcement officers and private investigators. Another suggestion is that you should be careful while selecting the source that you are going to use in writing the essay. There are sites that have web pages that may contain personal experiences from which the writer could copy. Do not copy from these sources, instead, try to read about the experiences and learn as much as you can.You should also try to find something that has proven to be successful in the case of law enforcement officers and private investigators. Check out all of the activitie s that they've taken part in before deciding to copy their works in writing. After choosing the right source for the essays, you should now focus on selecting the topic area that you want to write. Once you have identified the topic, try to write the essay with whatever style and format that you want to use. Make sure that you include the details about the situation or the incident that you're writing about.Be as specific as possible on what the main ideas are in the essay. If you would like to have the topic outline, you can ask for assistance from the site that you are going to use in writing the essay. After doing that, you should have an outline to follow for writing the essay.Next, you should start to work on the body of the essay by answering the question first by first talking about what your main idea is. At this point, you should put down your main points. Then, you should talk about your opinion on the matter in the essay. However, you should make sure that the opinion is in line with the one that you've read in your guide.After reading the topic outline, you should make sure that you have answered the question fully and completely. Finally, you should make sure that you cover the topic adequately in the body of the essay.

Creatine In Sport Essay Example For Students

Creatine In Sport Essay In todays society, a great deal of accentuation is set on what you look like. Almosteverybody needs that ideal body. Be that as it may, with all the things peoplehave to do, relatively few are eager to invest the effort to get it. So there must bean simple approach to get it. Correct? In the no so distant past individuals were testing withanabolic steroids. They infused horse testosterone into their veins to increasethe measure of bulk delivered from lifting. Be that as it may, sooner or later, someprofessional competitors and prominent individuals began demonstrating the side effectsthat are related with them. For instance, Lyle Alzado, a famous star in theNFL, built up a mind tumor and kicked the bucket. This frightened many individuals and therecreational employments of steroids diminished. With the risks of steroids well knownpeople began searching for different substances to give them an edge. Honey bee pollen,carnitine and chromium picolinate, were among the things individuals attempted. Of coursenone of these worked. In any case, presently there is an item available that has beenproven to fundamentally upgrade athletic execution in the territories of power,strength, and bulk. This substance is Creatine Phosphate. ABOUT CREATINEWhen you practice you clearly consume vitality. There are numerous things included inthis process. The vitality that you consume is called Adenosine Triphosphate, ATP. This particle has high vitality bonds between the phosphates and the rest ofthe atom. Your body breaks these bonds discharging the vitality for use andchanging the particle to ADP (di-phosphate). Since the body has a generally lowsupply of ATP, it needs to change over the ADP again into ATP. Creatine helps tospeed this procedure along. Creatine is an amino corrosive made in your liver andstored in your muscles. In the eating routine it is found in milk, steak, and some fish. In spite of the fact that researchers have thought about it for around 160 years, concentrates on it havehave just began to be finished. CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION *Picture* After thepublication of test brings about 1990, the region of creatine supplementation hasexploded. Presently nearly everybody comprehends what it is and somebody who is utilizing it. Aswas expressed before, creatine assists speed with increasing the way toward changing over ADP backinto ATP. So it is consistent that on the off chance that you increment the measure of creatine youshould increment the transformation rate. The day by day necessity of creatine is abouttwo grams. The majority of the creatine supplement items suggest taking ten timesthat sum for the primary week or so to immerse your muscles, and five grams aday to look after it. In most distributed examinations the rationale is right; if youincrease dietary creatine you increment put away creatine. Accomplishes IT WORK? With theincrease of put away cre atine there ought to be an expansion in transformation time. Deepest of the investigations that I have seen this is valid. There is additionally a relationshipbetween the measure of hydration in a muscle cell and the measure of work it cando. Creatine causes the cell to hold water and in this manner should build theamount of work singular cells can do. However, this isn't all that it does. Inmany examines, alongside expanded recuperation time, creatine appeared to increasemuscle mass, dangerous force and quality. In one investigation gatherings of competitors puton five to seven pounds of slender bulk in a month. These outcomes were farbetter than competitors getting a fake treatment in a similar report. A few pundits statethat the expansion in bulk is generally water, however there are contemplates that saythere is an increment in the size of Type II muscle filaments. With the expansion inmass there ought to be an increment in power. In a similar report the competitors saw athirty percent expansion in seat press. With an expansion in quality andrecovery time there is an increment in general hazardous force. IS IT FOR ME?Although creatine supplementation has indicated brings about specific zones, itdoesnt help everybody. The enhancements are really costly and with therecommended measurements, they go entirely quick. On the off chance that you are not genuine about trainingor are an end of the week warrior you may get results yet you will pay for them. Be that as it may, ifyou are intensely into working out, creatine will assist you with seeing increases. Also,athletes that perform short burst runs with little recuperation time will benefitfrom creatine. Ball and football players specifically. Yet, in the event that you are anendurance competitor, for example, a long distance runner or a runner there are contemplates that showthat creatine supplementation may back you off. Some think it is from theweight picked up. There are likewise individuals who are safe to its belongings. They areofficially called nonresponders. These individuals are concentrated little andit isn't known why they are invulnerable or who these individuals are. IS IT SAFE? Sincestudies on creatine stacking have just been continuing for not exactly 10 years, itis still obscure what long haul impacts the additional creatine will have. Someresearchers dread that, with the measure of additional creatine imagined through thediet, the body may quit delivering it. The main way we will discover thenegative impacts of long haul use is time. The deals of creatine supplements arevery solid, so many individuals are utilizing it. Following 10 years passes by we mightfind out the most difficult way possible that it is risky.

Meaning of Kisetu in Japanese

Kisetsu is a Japanese word meaning a season or certain time of year. Learn more about its pronunciation and usage in the Japanese language below. Pronunciation Click here to listen to the audio file. Meaning a season; the time of the year Japanese Characters Ã¥ ­ £Ã§ ¯â‚¬ 㠁 Ã£ â€ºÃ£  ¤ Example Translation Dono kisetsu ga suki desu ka.㠁 ©Ã£  ®Ã¥ ­ £Ã§ ¯â‚¬Ã£ Å'Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã£  Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š or in English: Which season do you like?

Analysis Of Pygmalion By George Bernard Shaw - 1305 Words

An Analysis of the English class system in Pygmalion Throughout the play, Pygmalion, by George Bernard Shaw, many of the characters represent different social class structures. They also resemble how the higher class citizens feel threatened by the lower class citizens. Protagonist Eliza Doolittle, Henry Higgins, and Mrs. Pearce are prime examples of characters who portray different roles in the Victorian social structure. This play takes place during the Victorian period in England where the upper , middle, and lower class were at different stages. This social system was not meant for lower class to move up and down the hierarchy. If someone was born poor they would most likely die poor. Especially women in the class system were not able to move up in the class system without their husbands. Through the book many characters break these traditional norms, represent the ideas of the class system, and act as a model for the upper class. Many of the characters represent different social class structures. Eliza would be a threat to the upper class because her intent is to move from lower to upper class. In the beginning Eliza was just a dirty flower girl on the street with no money and Higgins says, â€Å"She is no doubt as clean as she can afford to be; but compared to the ladies she is very dirty. Her features are no worse than theirs; but their condition leaves something to be desired; and she needs the services of a dentist† (129). Here Eliza is the lowest of the low. SheShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of `` Pygmalion `` By George Bernard Shaw1545 Words   |  7 PagesIn Pygmalion, George Bernard Shaw illustrates an everlasting tale of a women trapped in a world dominated and controlled by men. By using the crucial themes of class, language, and independence Shaw reveals the overall meaning of his work: how a man’s dream to turn an impoverish women into a sophisticated duchess only succeeds in pushing her further away, how the love he had for her was of his own creation, and how his heart of stone could not be sated by a statue that was nothing more than rockRead MoreAnalysis Of Pygmalion By George Bernard Shaw Essay1947 Words   |  8 PagesPygmalion, by George Bernard Shaw, describes Shaw’s viewpoint on social class distinctions in the 1900s by describing characters of the upper, middle, and lower classes in the play. Through the characters’ descriptions, language, and actions, the distinction between classes becomes very prominent. Similarly, Galileo, by Bertolt Brecht, describes Brecht’s take on the social class structure during Galileo’s time and how the differences between classes affected Galileo’s opportunity to do scientificRead MoreAnalysis Of George Bernard Shaw s Pygmalion2617 Words   |  11 PagesSocial standing is central to the plot of George Bernard Shaw’s play â€Å"Pygmalion†. The portrayal of class identity in S haw’s play appears to be a criticism of the distinctions between high society and the poorer classes in Victorian England. Shaw’s aim was to portray how the upper-crust of Victorian society viewed the lower classes, as evidenced by Higgins’ treatment of Eliza upon her first visit to his laboratory; Higgins treats her as though she is too stupid to understand that he is insulting herRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play Pygmalion By George Bernard Shaw1600 Words   |  7 Pageswith others anymore, instead using their phone. Tea time also known as afternoon tea, Victorian tea, high tea, and five-o clock tea, may be one of the most delightful and informal affairs in the whole social round. In the play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw, Shaw mentions how the importance of reputation can determine the tea time experience. It may also be an unmitigated bore (Victoriana). The observance of tea time originated amongst the wealthy class. Tea time was said to be created byRead MoreThe Misogynistic Henry Higgins1990 Words   |  8 PagesThe Misogynistic Henry Higgins The key to understanding George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion lies in understanding the power struggle between the â€Å"haves† and â€Å"have-nots† – specifically the active and intentional disenfranchisement of women at the turn of the 20th century. At the core of Pygmalion there is a focus on the societal inequities of the day, with Shaw presenting society’s treatment of women as property without rights and with little understanding of their surroundings or place in society.Read MoreLanguage : Tool Of Empowerment Essay2280 Words   |  10 Pagesconnotations may conjure up feelings associated with joy, inspiration or even empowerment. On the other hand, words that convey a negative meaning may instill images of pain, sorrow or injustice. George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion is an ultimate portrayal of the significance of language in society. More specifically, Shaw aims to critique his concurrent society’s exploitation of women and the worki ng class via his renowned play. However, the irony lies in that though Shaw’s play seem to criticize gender andRead MoreEnlightment of Education in Pygmalion and Educating Rita9449 Words   |  38 PagesTop of Form [pic]  Ã‚        Ã‚     Ã‚     Ã‚     Ã‚     Ã‚     [pic]  [pic] Bottom of Form Share on mymailruShare on facebookShare on twitterShare on vkMore Sharing Services0 | | |Ð’Ð ¾Ã ¹Ã'‚Ð ¸ |Literary analysis of the play Pygmalion by G.B. Shaw -  ÃËœÃ ½Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ã'€Ð °Ã ½Ã ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ã' Ã ·Ã'‹Ð ºÃ‚  -Ã'€Ð µÃ'„Ð µÃ'€Ð °Ã'‚ | |Top of Form |Plan: | |Email |   Read MoreEssay about Pygmalion, by Bernard Shaw3404 Words   |  14 Pages Bernard Shaw Pygmalion A Romance in Five Acts 1. Summary of the Play, page 2 2. Introduction and Short Analysis of the Main Character, page 4 3. Interpretation, page 5 4. Additional Information, page 7 5. Literature and Links, page 8 1. Summary London at 11.15 a.m., on a rainy summer day. Everybodyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s running for shelter because of the torrential storm. A bunch of people ist gathering in St. Pauls church, looking outside and waiting for the rain to stop. Among the crowd, thereRead MorePygmalion Effect in Management2129 Words   |  9 PagesPygmalion Effect in Management Principles of Management Abstract The Pygmalion Effect in Management is the idea that workers are more productive when being watched by members of management. Workers are eager to please bosses, or appear competent, so productivity and rule following increases when a member of management is present. Your expectations of people and their expectations of themselves are the key factors in how well people perform at work. Pygmalion Effect in Management The Pygmalion EffectRead MoreThe Influence of Social Class on Language Variation. (the Case of Pygmalion)3446 Words   |  14 Pagesof Pygmalion) [pic] *Introduction: -The aim of this paper is to introduce the ways in which language can vary, including change over time and variation within linguistic communities, the effects of contact between speakers of different languages and dialects, the development of language as it is being acquired and learned, the sporadic errors which can occur in normal language production, and the nature of speech and languages disorders (According to the study of the play called Pygmalion which

Comparing Dante s Inferno And Virgil s The Aeneid

There are many similarities between Dante’s The Inferno and Virgil’s The Aeneid, be it their characterizations or descriptive imagery, but foremost in their ideas of what the afterlife consisted of. Each each epic hero in the works here have descended in to the depths of hell, with The Inferno depicting Dante’s descent into the depths of hell and with Virgil in Book VI of The Aeneid depicting Aeneas’s decent into hell. It can be argued that although different, the knowledge acquired by each character’s descent was equally important to accomplishing their greater tasks at the ends of their journey. Had their descent into hell been skipped their outcomes would have concluded in a different way because their voyages to Hell each played a crucial role in the advancing each narrative. The Aeneid is a grand chronicle that charts Aeneas’ obstacles versus his accomplishments. Aeneas’s accomplishments entail escaping Juno’s wrath; leaving and finding love; and losing loved ones in war. Against all odds, Aeneas continued to achieve victory over all his potential downfalls. With some divine assistance, Aeneas continued to achieve victory over all his potential downfalls. With some divine assistance, Aeneas recognizes his need to help midway through his journey and needs to speak with his father, Anchises. In Book VI, he asks the Sibyl to grant him access into the underworld. Aeneas’ journey leads him to many discoveries. He discovers Leucaspis and Orontes are among â€Å"all in the nearby

Nokias Pricing Strategy free essay sample

Nokia’s pricing strategy Nokia is one brand name that inspires all those who are into the mobile culture. Of the entire brand that touches our lives, Nokia stand s out significantly. It has taken mobility a step forward by creating products with continuous innovations in this industry has made it imperative that every player keeps pace with changes. Nokia has been one step ahead in anticipating future market moves and strategizing accordingly. Interestingly the company prices its products so competitively that it not only ensures that its margins are covered but also assures revenue maximization. Let us see how Nokia leveraged it segmentation strategies, appealed to various segments with uniquely designed messages and differentiated between its products at every level to communicate and connect effectively with the intended target audience. When Nokia positions its product to the top end segment, it does it as a classy product. To the middle segment customers it is in the form of the best alternative. We will write a custom essay sample on Nokias Pricing Strategy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To the lower end segment, the carrot is that Nokia gives real value, as a high tech product, at low affordable price. The pricing strategy of Nokia can be better understood when the juxtaposed with the skimming strategy and further interposed on Philip Kotler’s nine price/quality strategies model. (Source: Philip Kotler, marketing management, 11 editions, PHI) With a vast family of brand that caters to every segment, one can clearly see how Nokia, yielding to the pressure due to the competitive and innovative mobile handset market, slides each brand down the segments, one at a time by reducing its prices carefully and consistently) Here are some live examples of Nokia’s skimming pricing strategy: Classic Nokia 8250 Nokia phone model 8250which was available with the vendors during the year 2000 was priced at Rs. 18000. It was without modern features like camera and MMS. The telecommunications infrastructure of the country was in its initial stages and so were the service provider’s fares. Hence only the premium segment could have afforded the phone. However with the easing of the government regulations and increased competition, market dynamics changed, and during 2004, the price of the model took a nosedive and was made available for Rs. 000-10000. Now the model has been completely phased out. Only second hand products are available. Here was one product which despite market forces maintains its price distinction and continued to carry a premium connotation to it. Neo Classic Nokia 6600 This model from Nokia was made available in 2003, complete with a color screen, integrated camera and other contemporary features. In the beginning the product was prices in the range o f Rs. 21000-22000. By November 2004, it was available in much lower, 15000-16000 range. The model is currently available for price of Rs. 9000-10000 only. Modern Nokia 9500 communicator This is known as the snazziest model ever launched by Nokia in India. The Nokia 9500 communicator comes with office features and a large screen, coupled with increase and Bluetooth technology. Available in the market since 2005, it was initially priced at 42,000, but currently can be bought for just 26,000. All the above models were produced in quick succession and Nokia’s strategy was to deliberately allow them to eat into each other’s market share. At the same time, Nokia proliferated the market with as many models as possible by 2006, at virtually every price point. Each one of Nokia’s model played a role in catapulting Nokia to the top of the heap, in the Indian mobile handset market. It would be apt to map Nokia’s pricing strategy on the line of the premium, high value, and super value strategy, especially on the price-quality model. On the flip side, consistent price cuts in rapid succession have the potential of smearing the brand image. But, in the buoyant telecom sector, where change is name of the game, the consumer is iscerning enough to have a rational outlook towards a particular brand and its attributes, irrespective of the pricing strategy. After all, skimming or no skimming, customer benefit is almost always guaranteed in the price sensitive competitive market. Questions 1. Discuss the segmentation strategy of Nokia and comment on its efficacy. 2. Explain how Nokia used the skimming pricing strategy for its products. Give your comments on the strategy. 3. What would have happened if Nokia had used the penetration pricing strategy instead of skimming?

In the Eye of a Boy Back into the Childhood

Definition and Examples of Sermons

Definition and Examples of Sermons A sermon is a form of public discourse on a religious or moral subject, usually delivered as part of a church service by a pastor or priest.  It comes from the Latin word for discourse and conversation. Examples and Observations For many centuries, from the early Middle Ages onward, sermons reached a far larger audience than any other type of non-ritualistic discourse, whether oral or written. They are entirely in the oral tradition, of course, with the sermonist as the speaker and the congregation as the hearers, and with a live relation between the two. The sermon gains in potential effect because of the hallowed nature of the occasion and the religious nature of the message. Moreover, the speaker is a figure endowed with special authority and set apart from the willing hearers who are listening.(James Thorpe, The Sense of Style: Reading English Prose. Archon, 1987)I have been rather reluctant to have a volume of sermons printed. My misgivings have grown out of the fact that a sermon is not an essay to be read but a discourse to be heard. It should be a convincing appeal to a listening congregation.(Martin Luther King, Jr. Preface to Strength to Love. Harper Row, 1963)The various means through which heare rs are gratified implies, of course, that a sermon may answer to very different needs. . . . In a sense, these motives for audience attendance correspond with the threefold aim of classical rhetoric: docere, to teach or persuade the intellect; delectare, to delight the mind; and movere, to touch the emotions.(Joris van Eijnatten, Getting the Message: Toward a Cultural History of the Sermon. Preaching, Sermon and Cultural Change in the Long Eighteenth Century, ed. by J. van Eijnatten. Brill, 2009) St. Augustine on the rhetoric of the sermon:After all, the universal task of eloquence, in whichever of these three styles, is to speak in a way that is geared to persuasion. The aim, what you intend, is to persuade by speaking. In any of these three styles, indeed, the eloquent man speaks in a way that is geared to persuasion, but if he doesn’t actually persuade, he doesn’t achieve the aim of eloquence.(St. Augustine, De Doctrina Christiana, 427, trans. by Edmund Hill)It was perhaps inevitable that Augustines opinion would have a strong influence on the future development of rhetoric . . .. Moreover, the De doctrina provides one of the few basic statements of a Christian homiletic prior to the emergence of the highly formalized thematic or university style of sermon about the beginning of the 13th century.(James Jerome Murphy, Rhetoric in the Middle Ages: A History of Rhetorical Theory From Saint Augustine to the Renaissance. Univ. of California Press, 1974)Excerpt fro m the most famous American sermon:There is no want of power in God to cast wicked men into hell at any moment. Mens hands cant be strong when God rises up: the strongest have no power to resist him, nor can any deliver out of his hands.He is not only able to cast wicked men into hell, but he can most easily do it. Sometimes an earthly prince meets with a great deal of difficulty to subdue a rebel that has found means to fortify himself and has made himself strong by the number of his followers. But it is not so with God. There is no fortress that is any defence against the power of God. Though hand join in hand, and vast multitudes of Gods enemies combine and associate themselves, they are easily broken in pieces: they are as great heaps of light chaff before the whirlwind, or large quantities of dry stubble before devouring flames. We find it easy to tread on and crush a worm that we see crawling on the earth; so tis easy for us to cut or singe a slender thread that any thing hangs by; thus easy is it for God, when he pleases, to cast his enemies down to hell. What are we, that we should think to stand before him, at whose rebuke the earth trembles, and before whom the rocks are thrown down!(Jonathan Edwards, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, delivered at Enfield, Connecticut on July 8, 1741)

Understanding the work of financial markets Essay

Understanding the work of financial markets - Essay Example Therefore, borrowers might end up putting the blame that the unfavorable outcome is as a result of bad luck rather than taking the correct action. A fixed cost has to be paid so that lenders can monitor the actions of borrower. This is not possible because no one would be willing to pay a monitoring cost as they want a free- ride. The solution to this problem is to hire a single monitor to monitor the actions of the borrowers. A single monitor cannot solve this problem alone thus he uses a model of delegated monitoring called diamond model (Diamond 1996 pg 41). They monitor borrowers by promising lenders a fixed return from the diversified portfolio which the intermediaries offer. The diamond model demonstrates how banks have an incentive to act as a delegated monitor and produce the necessary information for efficient resource allocation. Thakor (1996 pg 917) also build another model in view of banks delegated role of monitoring borrowers. This model assumes that there are three typ es of information problem. To begin with, there is incomplete information regarding future projects a firm has or is available. Secondly lenders do not observe how borrowers invest their funds. Lastly, the possibility of borrowers investing in risky projects is very high. The argument of Thakor (1996 pg 917) is that the first problem can be solved by the financial market while the second and third problems can be solved by intermediaries. Thakor also argues that the emerging financial system will be predominated by the banks and the informational advantages of the markets may allow them to develop mature financial system. According to Allen (2002 pg 398), market –based systems such as U.S have... The essay clearly discusses the role of the banks in bank-based system and market-based systems and the informational problems. Market based systems eliminate informational problems. You find that most information is publicly displayed in the market for public listed companies. Then the essay talks about the possible solution. The solution to this problem is to hire a single monitor to monitor the actions of the borrowers. A single monitor cannot solve this problem alone thus he uses a model of delegated monitoring called diamond model (Diamond 1996 pg 41). Then, risk sharing is discussed. Sharing of risks is one of the most important functions of the financial systems and is often argued that the financial markets are well suited in achieving this goal. Afterwards, the essay talks about the corporate governance role. In most countries, the role of corporate control or agency is weak, and as a result banks have been appointed to act as monitors for a large corporation. Financial cris es is another topic that the essay discusses. Banks collect deposits and raise short term funds in the capital markets and invest them in the long term assets. Another important aspect would be that close and durable banking relationships provide better access to clients and eliminate some of the information problems associated with lending. Banking relationships can either be multiple or single. In this report, we have pointed out and discussed the role of banks in the financial systems, comparisons between bank –based and market based systems and their merits and different.

Literature review for my dissertation which is in ( analysis and

Literature review for my which is in ( analysis and valuation of three companies in petrochemical industry) - Dissertation Example The hazardous materials transportation act and the pollution prevention act are significant among these. According to the first act, the Department of Transportation gets the authority to control the transportation of such materials including the petrochemicals. Furthermore, the USA government has become increasingly active and concerned about the safety and environmental areas for this petrochemical transportation. Adding to it, the state governments are also taking interests in the issues affecting the petrochemical industry such as the specific charges and taxes, reduction of toxic use and hazardous waste as well as state right-to-know statutes (U.S Department of Commerce, 1994, p.11-5). Economic Factors The recent recession has emerged as devastating for the leading economies across the globe including USA. The rise in the oil has also contributed to the rise of the Petrochemical product prices. As a consequence, the petrochemical organisations have been experiencing low producti on and profitability margins (Ismaiyatim, 2010). Furthermore, with the rise in the price of the petrochemical products, the demand for the same has experienced a decline leading to further shrinkage of the profit margins. Social Factors With the enhancement in the life styles of the habitants in USA, the usage of the automobiles has also been increased leading to the increase in the demand side. Technological Factors With the technological advancements, there have been changes in the mining of the petrochemical products. So, all these technological developments have been influential to decide on the mining and refining of the petrochemical products. Environmental Factors Environment is a significant influential factor to control the petrochemical industry. Federal government has come up with an act, The Pollution Prevention Act, to control the adverse effect of the petrochemical organisations. This act is a policy to eliminate or reduce the waste generation at a source, if that is f easible at that time. It directs its government to commence an appropriate program to collect the information, transfer the technology well as offering financial assistance to the states to execute this policy. In this way the federal government motivates the states to promote the waste reduction techniques at the source. Furthermore, even the state governments have become increasingly active to address the environmental and safety issues related to the petrochemical industry. European Petrochemical Industry European Petrochemical industry is one of the leading petrochemical sectors across the globe. A number of oil companies in there has dealt into the processing of raw materials using own oil refineries into some fundamental petrochemical products and even to the downstream products. The petrochemical industry in Europe is experiencing forward integration in this industry. A number of oil companies carry out petrochemical activities in several locations in Europe. Among the signif icant petrochemical companies, companies like DOW, ICI, DSM and BASF in Western Europe deal with the ethylene production in Europe. â€Å"After a series of reorganisations in the 1980s and 1990s, the changes in the European chemical industry have indeed continued: DSM’s petrochemical operations were acquired by Sabic†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Camp, 2005, p.15). A PESTLE analysis has been carried out to understand different factors

Hot and Cold Essay Example for Free

Hot and Cold Essay Since time immemorial, Indians have been bombarded with snacks-to-go by street vendors; fastfood is neither a modern phenomenon, nor a western innovation. But as increasing numbers of international players enter the domestic market, there are bitter lessons to learn about what local consumers will and will not welcome. just-food.coms Debasish Ganguly reports from India on the evolving sector and the challenges facing new entrants into the fastfood market. Fastfood is not an alien concept to Indians; roadside shops have offered snacks-to-go since time immemorial and the country has a long tradition of indigenous fastfood served by a variety of street vendors. Whether the southern Dosas or the Phulkas in the north, the Vada, Samosas or Bhelpuri, this inexpensive cuisine is still going strong, and street selling is a low-cost method of food distribution. However, since the arrival of established fastfood chains such as McDonalds, marketing savvy and dollar power have given fastfood a very western orientation. The weekend stampedes outside any McDonalds restaurant are standing testimony to this fact. But the burger behemoths still have a long way to go. Local fastfood is not easily undermined by these interlopers, since methods of mass production have not been perfected and, in any case, they would have to compete with low cost artisan production. On the other hand, the reality is that established local fastfood chains, like Nirulas, Wimpys or Haldiram, are sensing competition by the growing popularity of McDonalds and other international chains. Though Nirulas does not admit to any drop in sales overtly, industry sources reveal that they have lost 18% of their original market share. So far, the fastfood chains have gained their popularity among the major metropolitan cities of India and some smaller cities, such as Pune or Baroda. Before the arrival of these fastfood chains, Nirulas was the market leaderin Delhi. In fact, Nirulas taught Delhi-dwellers what pizzas and burgers were all about. Nirulas was commanding a monopoly until western chains arrived in India.

John Stuart Mills Essay -- Essays Papers

John Stuart Mills John Stuart Mill was one of the most well regarded and widely renowned philosophers and economists in history. He was considered a philosophical genius by the age of 20, and was mainly taught only by his father. His father believed that he should be educated and be taught many different languages and philosophies to become a well-rounded individual. When he had to end his studies early in life because of a mental breakdown at the age of 20, he soon recovered and was something different than when he first studied. Not long after he recovered he showed how different he was than his father and began writing in the Westminster review. He has widely been known for his views on liberalism that he showed in On Liberty. Mill believed that the individual was essentially sovereign over his own mind and body, a belief known as individual autonomy. The only thing individuals could do justifiably to violate other individuals' autonomies was in pursuit of self-protection, where the other individuals had broken into theirs first. Millsian philosophy was completely against negative liberty, or the absence of restraint, chaos. However, on the other end of the spectrum, Mill also opposed the tyranny the majority could impose on any minority, particularly the individual, by way of legislative control. Mill strongly believed in the practice and respect of law, and that minorities of any sort should be protected and only suppressed if the greatest good for...

Lead Contamination in Agro-Based Products as Current Public Health Threat in Bangladesh

Lead contamination in agro-based products as current public health threat in Bangladesh A. M. M. Maruf Hossain1*, M. Shahidul Islam2, Md. Moklesur Rahman1, Md. Mustafa Mamun1, M. Azizul Islam Kazi2, and Syed Fazle Elahi1 1Department of Soil, Water and Environment, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka; 2Analytical Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Dhaka. *Corresponding author Abstract: Agro-based products are primary to all human food sources. Contamination in these is also the easiest way of human health getting affected in large scale. Among the myriad of agro-based products, commercially produced milks and eggs were sampled. Chicken eggs were sampled from Dhaka and its nearby other seven districts covering the central region of Bangladesh. Dhaka, Narsingdi, Kishoreganj, Mymensingh, Tangail, Gazipur, Narayanganj, and Munshigonj were selected for the study. Twelve eggs were randomly sampled from each district’s egg stock market. In Dhaka, Gazipur, and Tangail’s market both brown and white colored eggs were found. Six eggs from each type were sampled from these three districts. In the rest five districts only brown colored eggs could be found. Commercial liquid milks of 13 prominent milk producers have been sampled with replication. Introduction: Poultry plays a vital role in the economy of Bangladesh in recent years. The contribution by livestock is 3% of the total GDP (BBS, 2004) and nearly 10% of the agricultural GDP (Poultry Business Directory, 2007). As food poultry provides meat and egg. An egg is a good source of energy, protein, and fat. A 50 g weighing grade A chicken egg provides estimated values of 297 KJ energy, 6g protein, 5g fat (1. 5g saturated, 2. 0g monounsaturated, and 0. 8g polyunsaturated), and 190mg cholesterol. Chicken eggs are the most commonly eaten eggs, and are highly nutritious (FAO, 2007). They supply a large amount of complete, high-quality proteins (which contains all essential amino acids for humans), and provide significant amounts of several vitamins and minerals, including vitamin A, riboflavin, folic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, choline, iron, calcium, phosphorus and potassium. Again liquid milk is an important source of fat, lactose sugar, and proteins (Casein, Albumin). Egg and milk are essential contexts to our daily diet. Bangladesh has a long historical record of raising poultry under traditional backyard farming. In 1935 improved variety of birds were first introduced in the countries. In the long run it is in the early nineties that a number of private parent stock farms have started their operation to produce commercial Day Old broiler and layer Chicks. Today for commercial egg production layer chicks from these farms are being used. Commercial egg production mostly uses the layer breeds of Hyline Brown, Hyline White, Hisex Brown, Hisex White, ISA Brown, Lohman Brown, Shaver White, and Shaver 579. The prominent milk producers have their own farms in Bangladesh. They produce and market both pasteurized and UTH (ultra high temperature) processed milks. For egg and milk urban people depend completely on commercially produced products while rural people have some practice of backyard farming. As industrial and agricultural practices are not strictly regulated and maintained environment-friendly in Bangladesh, contamination can happen in many ways especially with heavy metals. For this reason a widely distributed egg samples have been collected from Dhaka and its surrounding other seven districts where industrial activities and hence pollution is most prevalent. Similarly a number of liquid milks were sampled with replication to reflect a representative picture. Materials and Methods: Sampling area for egg: The egg sampling area constituted eight districts including capital Dhaka and covered the central region of Bangladesh. Dhaka, Narsingdi, Kishoreganj, Mymensingh, Tangail, Gazipur, Narayanganj, and Munshigonj were selected for the study. Twelve eggs were randomly sampled from each district’s egg stock market. In Dhaka, Gazipur, and Tangail’s market both brown and white colored eggs were found. Six eggs from each type were sampled from these three districts. In the rest five districts only brown colored eggs could be found. The sampling area is shown in gray color in Figure 1. Figure 1: Map of Bangladesh representing the darkened study area Milk sampling: Commercial liquid milks of 13 prominent milk producers have been sampled with three replications in each. These covered liquid white, mango, chocolate, and banana milks. Aarong – white, Aarong – chocolate, Aarong – mango, Milkvita – white, Milkvita – chocolate, RD – white, RD – mango, RD – banana, Amo – white, Amo – chocolate, Amo – mango, Pran – white, and Starship – chocolate liquid milks were selected for the study. Sample pretreatment: ? The egg samples were boiled in deionized water and after complete boiling albumen and yolk were separately oven-dried at 80oC to remove all moisture. The samples were oven-dried unless the difference between two readings of weight was found negligible. Each of oven-died albumen and yolk were treated and analyzed separately. ? A portion of the liquid milk samples were used for density measurement. Milk samples were treated and analyzed as it is. Sample preparation method: The samples were prepared by using HNO3 – HClO4 digestion (Kebbekus & Mitra, 1998). Since the samples were of organic origin with a very high organic content, HNO3 – HClO4 digestion was preferred over the more common HNO3 extraction for the determination of heavy metals. This strongly oxidizing digestion decomposes organics quickly and efficiently. Sample analysis: Analysis of all prepared samples was performed through atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). BDH standard solution was used for preparation of lead (Pb) standard curve. During the sample preparation for arsenic determination, hydrochloric acid (at least 11. 6 ml concentrated HCl for 100 ml total sample) and KI (at least 1 %) were added. For the other heavy metals no special treatments were done. Hydride vapor generation technique was used in the determination of arsenic and mercury. Chromium, cadmium, lead, and arsenic determination were done in air-acetylene flame whereas mercury determination was done in cold vapor. The lead (Pb) contamination in eggs is calculated by using the average parameter values of total 96 eggs sampled, where albumen and yolk have been studied separately in each egg (Table – 1). Table – 1: Average physical parameters for 96 egg samples from 8 districts Average physical parameter |Average |Standard error | |Whole weight of eggs, g |55. 5098 |0. 7590 | |Shell: albumen: yolk ratio |1: 4. 8672: 1. 9775 |NA | |Albumen raw weight, g |34. 4401 |- | |Albumen moisture content, % |84. 0603 |0. 1512 | |Albumen dry weight, g |5. 900 |- | |Yolk raw weight, g |13. 9930 |- | |Yolk moisture content, % |51. 3656 |0. 1616 | |Yolk dry weight, g |6. 8054 |- | The lead (Pd) contamination in comme rcially produced chicken eggs in Bangladesh is presented in Table 2 (average dry weight basis). Revise SPSS with all new â€Å"data† Table – 2: Pb contamination of chicken eggs in Bangladesh Sample classes |Pb in Egg albumen |Pb in total |Pb in Egg yolk |Pb in total |Total Pb in each |Pb in total egg | | | µg/g |Egg albumen | µg/g |Egg yolk |egg (albumen + |(albumen + yolk), | | |(dry weight) | µg |(dry weight) | µg |yolk),  µg | µg/g | | | |(dry weight) | |(dry weight) | | | | |Values for 6 |5. 905 |30. 6918 |18. 3190 |124. 6680 |155. 3599 |12. 6356 | |Brown Egg |samples | | | | | | | |(Dhaka) | | | | | | | | | |St. error |1. 1043 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |4. 439 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ | |White Egg (Dhaka) |Values for 6 |11. 1847 |61. 4041 |6. 4769 |44. 0777 |105. 4818 |8. 5790 | | |samples | | | | | | | | |St. error |1. 7396 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |2. 627 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ | |Brown Egg (Narsingdi) |Values for 12|10. 4818 |57. 5453 | 15. 0153 |102. 1849 |159. 7302 |12. 9911 | | |samples | | | | | | | | |St. error |2. 3770 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |3. 458 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ | |Brown Egg |Values for 12|9. 4945 |52. 1248 |10. 6030 |72. 1574 |124. 2822 |10. 1080 | |(Kishoreganj) |samples | | | | | | | | |St. error |0. 5917 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |0. 7616 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ | |Brown Egg Mymensingh)|Values for 12|9. 4769 |52. 0279 |5. 7009 |38. 7969 |90. 8248 |7. 3869 | | |samples | | | | | | | | |St. error |1. 1593 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |0. 6024 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ | |Brown Egg (Tangail) |Values for 6 |11. 565 |60. 7000 |5. 4060 |36. 7898 |97. 4898 |7. 9290 | | |samples | | | | | | | | |St. error |4. 4361 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |1. 8938 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ | |White Egg (Tangail) |Values for 6 |11. 3587 |62. 594 |0. 7730 |5. 2602 |67. 6197 |5. 4996 | | |samples | | | | | | | | |St. error |2. 4524 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |0. 4713 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ | |Br own Egg (Gazipur) |Values for 6 |6. 8734 |37. 7349 |1. 755 |11. 4023 |49. 1372 |3. 9964 | | |samples | | | | | | | | |St. error |2. 0868 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |0. 6178 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ | |White Egg (Gazipur) |Values for 6 |5. 9167 |32. 4825 |2. 2874 |15. 666 |48. 0491 |3. 9079 | | |samples | | | | | | | | |St. error |2. 1738 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |1. 2855 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ | |Brown Egg |Values for 12|0. 7702 |4. 2285 |5. 4222 |36. 9002 |41. 1288 |3. 451 | |(Narayanganj) |samples | | | | | | | | |St. error |0. 4071 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |1. 9852 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ | |Brown Egg (Munshigonj)|Values for 12|11. 3360 |62. 2346 |8. 8177 |60. 0079 |122. 2426 |9. 9421 | | |samples | | | | | | | | |St. rror |2. 3649 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |2. 7654 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ | Maximum permissible limit in chicken meat is 0. 1  µg /g and in chicken fat is 0. 1  µg /g(1). The average statistics for all egg samples are presented in Table 3 . Table – 3: Statistics of all egg samples |Total sample number |192 | |Mean |8. 1611 | |Std. Error of Mean |0. 5253 | |Minimum |ND* | |Maximum |34. 5637 | * = Not detected The average lead (Pb) contamination picture in commercially produced liquid milks in Bangladesh is presented in Table 4. Table – 4: Pb contamination picture in liquid milks in Bangladesh |Sample classes |Average density |Volume as packed, mL|Average Pb |Standard error |Average total Pb | | | | |concentration in | |in packet,  µg | | | | |sample,  µg/mL | | | |Aarong – white |1. 0207 |250 |0. 8102 |0. 2451 |202. 500 | |Aarong – chocolate |1. 0511 |200 |1. 5344 |0. 2675 |306. 8800 | |Aarong – mango |1. 0554 |200 |0. 9447 |0. 3961 |188. 9400 | |Milkvita – white |1. 0226 |250 |0. 9739 |0. 3212 |243. 4750 | |Milkvita – chocolate |1. 0548 |200 |1. 2925 |0. 6512 |258. 5000 | |RD – white |1. 193 |230 |1. 9657 |0. 1987 |452. 1110 | |RD – mango |1. 0523 |200 |1. 6984 |0. 4812 |339. 6800 | |RD – banana |1. 0552 |200 |1. 209 |0. 5012 |241. 8000 | |Amo – white |1. 0257 |250 |1. 4943 |0. 1246 |373. 5750 | |Amo – chocolate |1. 0577 |200 |0. 181 |0. 1789 |163. 6200 | |Amo – mango |1. 0619 |200 |0. 8997 |0. 8047 |179. 9400 | |Pran à ¢â‚¬â€œ white |1. 0256 |200 |1. 2886 |1. 0079 |257. 7200 | |Starship – chocolate |1. 0508 |200 |4. 7589 |1. 4347 |951. 7800 | Maximum permissible limit in milks is 0. 02  µg /mL(1). The average statistics for all milk samples are presented in Table 5. Table – 5: Statistics of all milk samples |Total sample number |39 | |Mean |1. 5145 | |Std. Error of Mean |0. 2165 | |Minimum |ND | |Maximum |7. 0713 | Standard for lead (Pb) content of milk and poultry products: Comparing the obtained data from the egg and milk samples with the standards set in â€Å"Codex general standard for contaminants and toxins in foods (CODEX STAN 193-1995, Rev. -2006)†, it is evident that these foods are heavily contaminated with Pb in Bangladesh. In case of both egg and milk, the average Pb levels are about hundred times higher than the maximum permissible limits whereas the maximum respective values are quite large. 1. CODEX STAN 193-1995, Rev. 2-2006. http://www. codexalimentarius. net/web/index_en. jsp 2. Kebbekus, B. B. , and S. Mitra. (1998). Environmental chemical analysis. (Blackie Academic & Professional, London). [pic]

Life and Thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi - 3441 Words

Life and thoughts of mahatma Gandhi Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born in 1869 in the coastal town of Porbandar, one of scores of tiny princely states and now part of theIndian state of Gujarat. Although the Gandhis, meaning grocers, were merchants by caste, they had risen to important political positions. Mohandas’s father was the chief administrator and member of the court of Porbandar, and his grandfather that of the adjacent tiny state of Junagadh. Gandhi grew up in an eclectic religious environment. His parents were followers of the largely devotional Hindu cult of Vishnu (or Vaishnavites). His mother belonged to the Pranami sect, which combined Hindu and Muslim religious beliefs, gave equal honour to the sacred books of the†¦show more content†¦His similar campaigns against immigration restrictions and discriminatory licensing laws were much less successful. He increasingly began to complain that constitutional pressures, petitions, and rational persuasion were making no impact on ‘prejudiced’ minds, and wondered what else he should do. He found the answer a few years later. When Transvaal passed a law in 1907 requiring the registration and fingerprinting of all Indians and giving the police the power to enter their houses to ensure that the inhabitants were registered, Gandhi hit upon his well-known method of satya ¯graha. It was a form of non-violent resistance and involved peaceful picketing of registration centres, burning registration cards, courting arrest, and gracefully accepting such punishment as was meted out. Gandhi’s protest resulted in some concessions which, however, fell short of his original demands. 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